Plantamajoside has antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-skin photoaging effects, it has protective activities against Cadmium-induced renal injury. Plantamajoside ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via suppressing NF-κB and MAPK activation, it can inhibit UVB and advanced glycation end products‐induced MMP-1 Expression by suppressing the MAPK and NF‐ĸB pathways in HaCaT cells, and attenuate the upregulation of receptor for AGEs (RAGE) by glycer-AGEs with UVB irradiation.

Bacopaside II is a potential anti-angiogenic agent, it can reduce endothelial cell migration and tubulogenesis and induce apoptosis. Bacopaside II shows antioxidant and antidepressant activities, it can inhibit both basal activity as well as verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity, suggesting its affinity towards P-gp.

Ursodeoxycholic acid is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis, it prevents cytochrome c release in apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial membrane depolarization and channel formation. Ursodeoxycholic acid can ameliorate experimental ileitis counteracting intestinal barrier dysfunction and oxidative stress, it as a chemopreventive agent in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Ursodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a C24-steroid, a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid and a bile acid. It is a conjugate acid of an ursodeoxycholate.