1-Deoxynojirimycin is an optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-HIV agent, an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor, an anti-obesity agent, a plant metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. It is a piperidine alkaloid and a 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol. 1-Deoxynojirimycin is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, suppresses postprandial blood glucose, thereby possibly preventing diabetes mellitus. 1-Deoxynojirimycin as a therapeutic agent by controlling the overgrowth and biofilm formation of S. mutans, it also can block human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein- mediated membrane fusion at the CXCR4 binding step. 1-Deoxynojirimycin is an orally effective alpha glucosidase inhibitor. 1-Deoxynojirimycin inhibits postprandial blood glucose and prevents diabetes. 1-Deoxynojirimycin has hypoglycemic, weight loss, and antiviral effects.

Fagomine is a member of piperidines.