Solasonine displays leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis. Solasonine is a steroid, an azaspiro compound and an oxaspiro compound.

L-cystine is the L-enantiomer of the sulfur-containing amino acid cystine. It has a role as an EC 1.2.1.11 (aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor, a flour treatment agent, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a cystine, a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid and a L-cysteine derivative. It is a conjugate acid of a L-cystine anion. It is an enantiomer of a D-cystine. It is a tautomer of a L-cystine zwitterion. L-Cystine can improve hyperlipidemia by restoring LPL and HSL activities.L-Cystine protects against the toxicity of PQ by maintaining reduced glutathione levels in the cells. Co-administration of l-cystine and l-theanine before vaccination may enhance the immune response to influenza vaccine in elderly subjects with low serum total protein or hemoglobin.

Trigonelline chloride, an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity, is present in considerable amounts in coffee. Trigonelline hydrochloride reduces diabetic auditory neuropathy by affecting β cell regeneration.

N-methylnicotinate is an iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a food component and a human urinary metabolite. It is an alkaloid and an iminium betaine. It is functionally related to a nicotinate. It is a conjugate base of a N-methylnicotinic acid. Trigonelline (1-methylpyridinium-3-carboxylate), an alkaloid present in coffee and fenugreek seed, exhibits phytoestrogenic, anti-adipogenesis, and anticancer activities, it also can reduce early glucose and insulin responses. Trigonelline has inhibition of the Nrf2 transcription factor and PPAR-γ.