Monocrotaline is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid.

(+)-Praeruptorin A exerts distinct relaxant effects on isolated rat aorta rings, which may be mainly attributed to nitric oxide synthesis catalyzed by endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

Scoparone is a phytoalexin with antifungal,anticoagulant, antianginal, hypolipidemic, vasorelaxant, immunosuppression, hepatoprotective,anti-allergic,antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions, it is used for the traditional treatment of neonatal jaundice. It inhibited the activities of PPARγ, STAT3, NADPH-oxidase 1, and the expression of ERK,NF-kB, JNK,PI3K. It augmented the expression of SOD1 and CAT. Scoparone is a member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities.

Ilexsaponin B2 is a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, it is active against PDEI and PDE5A dose-dependently in vitro.

Lovastatin is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with IC50 of 3.4 nM in a cell-free assay, has a direct cellular effect independent of a cholesterol-lowering effect and delays the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy. It has a potential application to treat PD via antioxidant effect, and it promotes fibrosis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, by regulating the production of CCN2 in human gingival fibroblasts. Lovastatin is a fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an anticholesteremic drug, a prodrug and an Aspergillus metabolite.