Rubimaillin is a benzochromene that is 2H-benzo[h]chromene which is substituted by two methyl groups at position 2, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a hydroxy group at position 6. Found in the Chinese medical plant Rubia cordifola, It has an anti-cancer effect by inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NF-B activation. It is also a dual inhibitor of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (ACAT1 and ACAT2), but is more selective for the ACAT2 isozyme. Mollugin is a JAK2 inhibitor and inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Mollugin may be a novel therapeutic candidate for bone loss-associated disorders including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Mollugin has anticancer efficacy, can modulate the HER2, HO-1, Nrf2 , and NF- κB pathways.

Aloin A is a C-glycosyl compound that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group is replaced by a 4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-10-oxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-9-yl moiety (the 9S diastereoisomer). It has a role as a metabolite and a laxative. It is a C-glycosyl compound, a member of phenols, a cyclic ketone and a member of anthracenes. Aloe components (aloin, aloesin and aloe-gel) show anti-inflammatory effects, they can ameliorate intestinal inflammatory responses in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis rat model. Aloin shows tyrosinase activity, it could be used as lightening agents in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders and cosmetic additives. Aloin is a potent proapoptotic agent, it showed a pronounced antiproliferative effect at physiological concentration (IC50 = 97 microM), caused cell cycle arrest in the S phase and markedly increased HeLaS3 cell apoptosis (to 24%). Aloin (Aloin-A; Barbaloin-A) is a natural anti-tumor anthraquinone glycoside with iron chelation activity. Aloin induces differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells into osteoblasts through the MAPK mediated Wnt and Bmp signaling pathways. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, and its activity is also enhanced by Aloin. Aloin can alleviate brain edema, reduce blood-brain barrier damage, and improve cortical shock injury. Aloin can be used for research on osteoporosis and traumatic brain injury (TBI).