Swertianolin is a xanthone that is bellidifolin in which a beta-Dglucopyranosyl residue is attached at position O-8 via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated particularly from Gentiana campestris and Gentiana germanica. It has a role as an antioxidant, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, an aromatic ether, a monosaccharide derivative and a xanthone glycoside. It is functionally related to a bellidifolin. Swertianolin shows anti-acetylcholinesterase activity effects, it shows significant hepatoprotective effect in the liver damage model induced by alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate. Swertianolin can scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals with the studying method of the autoxidation of Pyrogallol and afenton.

Schisantherin A, B, C, and D show good effect in lowering the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase level of the patients suffering from chronic virus hepatitis.

3-Deoxysappanchalcone is an effective HO-1 inducer at the translational level. 3-Deoxysappanchalcone has anti-inflammatory, and anti-influenza virus activities, the mechanism involved anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation activities in vitro. It has inhibitory activity on MMP-9 expression and production in TNF-α-treated cells, is mediated by the suppression of AP-1 and NF-κB activation. 2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin is a member of the class of chalcones that is isoliquiritigenin in which one of the hydroxy groups at position 2' is replaced by a methoxy group. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a member of chalcones, a monomethoxybenzene and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to an isoliquiritigenin.

Neochlorogenic acid methyl ester shows anti-HBV, antioxidant and quinone reductase-inducing activities.

Ganoderone A is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 5alpha-lanosta-8,24-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 26 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 7. Isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma pfeifferi, it exhibits against herpes simplex virus. It has a role as a metabolite and an anti-HSV-1 agent. It is a primary alcohol, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a diketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Ganoderone A exhibits potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus. Ganoderone A exhibits strong inhibitory activities against Vero cells (IC50 is 0.3 ug/mL); it also has inhibition against cancer cell lines K562, SW620, and HL60, the 50% inhibiting concentration( IC50) are 9. 61, 22. 38, 7. 14 mg/L, respectively.

Bruceine B is a triterpenoid.

Punicalin exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-hepatotoxic activities, it shows inhibitory activity on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 0.11 microg/ml (0.14 microM).

Swertisin is a flavone C-glycoside that is 7-O-methylapigenin in which the hydrogen at position 6 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as an antioxidant, a hypoglycemic agent, an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavone, a polyphenol, a dihydroxyflavone, a monosaccharide derivative and a flavone C-glycoside. It is functionally related to an apigenin. Swertisin, a novel herbal biomolecule, shows a strong antihyperglycemic action, it provides low cost and readily available differentiating agent that can be translated as a therapeutic tool for effective treatment in diabetes.

Rubiadin is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 and a methyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Rubia yunnanensis. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. Rubiadin has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antitumor promoting effects. Rubiadin can decrease bone loss through the inhibition of osteoclast formation,differentiation and bone resorption.

Dehydroandrographolide is a novel TMEM16A inhibitor and possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-virus and anti-hepatitis activity. It possesses activity against HBV DNA replication with IC50 values of 22.58 uM and low SI values of 8.7 ; it can alleviate oxidative stress in LPS-induced acute lung injury possibly by inactivating iNOS.

Robustaflavone is a biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-3 of the hydroxyphenyl ring and C-6 of the chromene ring. Isolated from Thuja orientalis and Rhus succedanea it exhibits antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-hepatitis B activity. It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and an anti-HBV agent. It is a hydroxyflavone, a ring assembly and a biflavonoid.

Interiotherin A is a lignan with a dibenzocyclooctadiene skeleton isolated from Kadsura interior and has been shown to exhibit anti-HIV activity. It has a role as a metabolite and an anti-HIV agent. It is a lignan, an aromatic ether, a benzoate ester, an oxacycle and an organic heteropentacyclic compound.

Isoscopoletin is a hydroxycoumarin that is esculetin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is the major primary metabolite of scoparone. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an aromatic ether and a hydroxycoumarin. It is functionally related to an esculetin. Isoscopoletin possesses inhibitory activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication; it also shows substantial inhibition against multi-drug resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells and human CCRF-CEM leukaemia cells, with the IC50 value is 1.6 and 4.0 microM, respectively.

Rupestonic acid derivatives have an anti-influenza virus activity, they inhibit IAV by up-regulating HO-1-mediated IFN response.