1,6,6-trimethyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-naphtho[1,2-g]benzofuran-10,11-dione is an abietane diterpenoid.

15,16-Dihydrotanshinone I is an abietane diterpenoid. It has a role as an anticoronaviral agent.

Clerosterol as a precursor of cyasterone, isocyasterone and 29-norcyasterone in biosynthesis of phytoecdysteroids of Ajuga hairy roots. Clerosterol exerts its cytotoxic effect in A2058 human melanoma cells by caspases-dependent apoptosis. Clerosterol is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane.

Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Angeloylgomisin H shows moderate cytotoxic activities with IC50 values ranging from 100 to 200 ug/mL against MCF7, HEK293 and CAL27 cell lines. Angeloylgomisin H may present significant myocardial protective activity.

3-Epioleanolic acid and oleanonic acid possess varying degrees of agonist activity on uterine smooth muscle with minor changes in the molecular structure affecting its intrinsic activity on uterine muscle. 3-epioleanolic acid is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite.

1,2-Disinapoylgentiobiose is a glycoside. It is functionally related to a hydroxycinnamic acid.

Astaxanthin is a strong antioxidant which shows neuroprotective property and can reduce the markers of inflammation, it can reduce matrix metalloproteinase expression in human chondrocytes, it may be beneficial in the treatment of osteoarthritis.Astaxanthin has protective effect on fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and suggests that oxidative stress and TLR4 signaling associated inflammatory reaction are involved in this process. Astaxanthin administration can reduce renal calcium oxalate crystal deposition possibly by modulating the renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which reduces the expression of OPN and TGF-β1 levels. Astaxanthin is a carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. It has a role as an antioxidant, an anticoagulant, an animal metabolite, a plant metabolite and a food colouring.

Rhamnocitrin can enhance the immune function, improve the formation of spleen cells of mice serum hemolysin of chicken red blood cell immune. Rhamnocitrin possesses significant anticataract activity and acts most likely due to its antioxidant property, it shows a significant protection against cloudiness in lenses induced by hydrogen peroxide and hydrocortisone in a dose dependent manner.Rhamnocitrin and kaempferol can augment cellular antioxidant defense capacity, at least in part, through regulation of HO-1 expression and MAPK signal transduction; they not only protect low-density lipoprotein from oxidation but also prevent atherogenesis through suppressing macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein.

Mogrol has exhibited anti-cancer activities, it suppressed leukemia cell growth via inhibition of the ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathways, in particular, through the suppression of p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT3. Mogrol significantly improved LPS-induced memory impairment in mice. It also suppressed adipogenesis by reducing CREB activation in the initial stage of cell differentiation and by activating AMPK signaling in both the early and late stages of this process. Mogrol is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is cucurbitadienol in which the side-chain double bond (position 24-25) has undergone formal oxidation to introduce hydroxy groups at positions 24 and 25 (the 24R stereoisomer). It is a biometabolite of mogrosides found in Siraitia grosvenorii. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a hydroxy seco-steroid. It is functionally related to a cucurbitadienol.