(R)-goitrin is a 5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione that has R-configuration. It is a constituent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Radix isatidis. It has a role as an antiviral agent and a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-goitrin. Epigoitrin and fructopyrano-(1→4)-glucopyranose(FG) from the traditional Chinese medicine Isatidis radix, exhibit in vitro cooperation, they have in vitro anti-virus activity.

Rhodojaponin II correlates pretty well with cardiotoxicity.

Procyanidin A2 is a potential precursor of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammary, anti-hyperglycemia, and anti-type 2 diabetes activities. Procyanidin A2 demonstrates liver cell regenerative activity in scratch wound healing assays and alcohol-induced liver cell injury in vitro. Proanthocyanidin A2 is a proanthocyanidin obtained by the condensation of ()-epicatechin units. It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite, an angiogenesis modulating agent and an anti-HIV agent. It is a proanthocyanidin and a hydroxyflavan. It is functionally related to a (-)-epicatechin.

Total phenolic glycosides, fragilin, Picein, salicortin, tremulacin, and tremuloidin all correlated positively with shoot length in glasshouse plants on a carbon-biased balance, and male willows had generally lower levels of phenolic glycosides than females.

Nepodin has antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory activities, it shows significant cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity. Nepodin has an antidiabetic effect, which is at least partly mediated by stimulation of GLUT4 translocation via AMPK activation by nepodin.

Echinocystic acid has cardioprotective, hypolipidemic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, it displays substantial inhibitory activity on HCV entry.Orally administered lancemaside A may be metabolized to echinocystic acid, which may be absorbed into the blood and ameliorate memory and learning deficits by inhibiting AChE activity and inducing BDNF and p-CREB expressions.Orally administered lancemaside A may be metabolized to echinocystic acid, which may be absorbed into the blood and ameliorate memory and learning deficits by inhibiting AChE activity and inducing BDNF and p-CREB expressions. Echinocystic acid is a triterpenoid. It is a conjugate acid of an echinocystate.