2-methylvaleric acid is a methyl-branched fatty acid that is pentanoic acid which carries a methyl group at position 2. It has a role as a flavouring agent, a fragrance and a plant metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a short-chain fatty acid, a branched-chain saturated fatty acid and a methyl-branched fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-methylvalerate.

Maltoheptaose is a maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.

Tiglic acid is a 2-methylbut-2-enoic acid having its double bond in trans-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a crotonic acid.

Deoxycholic acid is a strong promoter of hepatocarcinogenesis with possible complete carcinogenicity in the liver and promotion potential for tumor development in the small intestine. Loss of deoxycholic acid-induced EGFR/Ras/MAPK pathway function potentiates deoxycholic acid-stimulated FAS-induced hepatocyte cell death via a reduction in the expression of c-FLIP isoforms. Deoxycholic acid is a bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. It has a role as a human blood serum metabolite. It is a C24-steroid, a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid and a bile acid. It is a conjugate acid of a deoxycholate.