Hydroxysafflor yellow A is a C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius).

Umbelliprenin is a terpene lactone.

Euscaphic acid has anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by interference with the clustering of TRAF6 with IRAK1 and TAK1, resulting in blocking the activation of IKK and MAPKs signal transduction to downregulate NF-κB activations. Euscaphic acid induces death by activation of caspase-3, dependent apoptotic pathway. Euscaphic acid and tormentic acid have inhibitory effect on high fat diet-induced obesity in the rat. Euscaphic acid also has anti-contraction effects on rat’s aortic smooth muscle. Euscaphic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 19 respectively (the 2alpha,3alpha-stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the leaves of Rosa laevigata. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a triol and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It derives from a hydride of an ursane.

25S-Inokosterone and 25R-inokosterone exhibit potent inhibition (80-95% at ) against TNF-expression levels in A23187 plus phorbol-myrisrate acetate-induced RBL-2H3 cells, they have excellent anti-atopy activity, thus they could be used to a large range of functional anti-atopy cosmetics. Inokosterone is a phytoecdysteroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, a 26-hydroxy steroid, a 20-hydroxy steroid, a 2beta-hydroxy steroid, a 14alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid and a 6-oxo steroid.