1,6,6-trimethyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-naphtho[1,2-g]benzofuran-10,11-dione is an abietane diterpenoid.

Ginsenoside Re is a major ginsenoside in ginseng and belongs to 20(S)-protopanaxatriol group. It has diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including anti-diabetic, vasorelaxant, antihyperlipidemic, anti-ischemic, angiogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation actions. It also exhibits potent neuroprotective effects against neuroinflammation in a murine model of ALS. Re increases HCAEC outward current via SKCa channel activation; it also increases the proliferation of CD4+ T cells with decreases cell death, and enhances viability of CD4+T cells through the regulation of IFN-γ-dependent autophagy activity. Ginsenoside Re is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.

Ginsenoside Rb1 is a protopanaxadiol that has diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative actions. Ginsenoside Rb1 can up-regulate the expression of GLUTs in adipose tissue, in addition to activate insulin signalling pathway, and may effectively ameliorate the progression of asthma through Relegating Th1/Th2. It inhibited Na+, K+-ATPase activity with an IC50 of 6.3±1.0 μM, activated Akt, phosphorylating GSK-3β and inhibited mPTP opening. Ginsenoside Rb1 is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is ginsenoside Rd in which the beta-D-glucopyranoside group at position 20 is replaced by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside group. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug, a radical scavenger, a neuroprotective agent, an apoptosis inhibitor, an anti-obesity agent and a plant metabolite. It is a glycoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a ginsenoside.

Skimmin has anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities, it can significantly improve renal function and suppress the IgG deposition as well as the development of glomerular lesions in a rat model of membranous glomerulonephritis; it also can suppress diabetic nephropathy in rats effectively, and may slow down the renal fibrosis by regulating TGF-β1 signal pathway.

Lyciumin B is a cyclic peptide.

Stachydrine hydrochloride promotes the protein expression of IL-12 and IL-6, as well as the mRNA expression of T-bet and RORγt, while inhibiting the mRNA expression of GATA-3 and Foxp3; the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm induced by Stachydrine hydrochloride contributed to the reduction in uterine bleeding in RU486-induced abortion mice.

Hederagenin 3-O-arabinoside is a triterpenoid saponin that is hederagenin attached to an alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, an alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, a triterpenoid saponin and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a hederagenin. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. Cauloside A exhibits concentration- and time-dependent mitochondriotoxic activities.

Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside with a wide range of biological activities, including pancreas-protective, chondroprotective, antispasmodic, liver-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-algesic as well as anti-tumor activities. Aucubin prevents neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats with diabetic encephalopathy, it also has protective effects on H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Aucubin may improve obesity-induced atherosclerosis by attenuating TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses. Aucubin suppresses hepatitis B viral DNA replication in vitro. Aucubin is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite.

Ginsenoside C-K is a ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an anti-allergic agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite.

Higenamine (HG) is a well-known selective activator of beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) with a positive inotropic effect. HG exerts an antispasmodic effect on cold-induced vasoconstriction by regulating the PI3K/Akt, ROS/α2C-AR and PTK9 pathways independently of the AMPK/eNOS/NO axis, it reduces HMGB1 during hypoxia-induced brain injury by induction of heme oxygenase-1 through PI3K/Akt/Nrf-2 signal pathways. HG enhances the antitumor effects of cucurbitacin B in breast cancer by inhibiting the interaction of AKT and CDK2. It attenuated LPS-induced depression-like behavior by regulating BDNF-mediated ER stress and autophagy. (RS)-norcoclaurine is a norcoclaurine. It is a conjugate base of a (RS)-norcoclaurinium.

Isorhynchophylline exerts anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-metastatic effects, it exerts neuroprotective effect against Aβ 25-35-induced neurotoxicity in vitro via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Isorhynchophylline shows antidepressant-like effects, which are mediated, at least in part, by the inhibition of monoamine oxidases. Isorhynchophylline plays a remarkably preventive role in cardiac arrhythmias through the inhibition of calcium currents in rats and guinea pigs; it also shows inhibition on angiotensin II-induced proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Isorhynchophylline is a member of indolizines. It has a role as a metabolite.

Geniposide exhibits anti-diabetic, antidepressant-like, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, antiproliferative and neuroprotective activities. Geniposide is an agonist for GLP-1 receptor, it regulates expression of anti-oxidative proteins including HO-1 and Bcl-2 by activating the transcriptor of p90RSK via MAPK signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Geniposide may suppress TGF-β1-induced EMT in hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the TGFβ/Smad and ERK-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.

Prunasin is a kind of enzyme inhibitors.

Pulsatilla saponin D exhibits anticancer activities in various cancer types, it Inhibits autophagic flux and synergistically enhances the anticancer activity of chemotherapeutic agents against HeLa cells.Pulsatilla saponin D has strong haemolytic activity. Pulsatilla saponin D is a natural product found particularly in Pulsatilla chinensis and Pulsatilla cernua. It has a role as a metabolite.

Desoxylimonin is a steroid lactone.