Geraniin is a TNF-α releasing inhibitor with numerous activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, has anti-oxidant , and anti-hyperglycemic activities, with an IC50 of 43 μM. Geraniin presents radioprotective effects by regulating DNA damage on splenocytes, exerting immunostimulatory capacities and inhibiting apoptosis of radiosensitive immune cells and jejunal crypt cells. Geraniin induces Nrf2-mediated expression of antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and NQO1, presumably via PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, thereby protecting cells from H2O2-induced oxidative cell death.

2''-O-Galloylhyperin is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

(-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate is a gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida. It has a role as a metabolite, an EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor and an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor. It is a catechin, a polyphenol and a gallate ester. It is functionally related to a gallic acid and a (-)-epicatechin. (-)-Epicatechin gallate can effectively stimulates osteoblast differentiation, it has antioxidative effect against lipid peroxidation when phospholipid bilayers are exposed to aqueous oxygen radicals.

Theaflavin-3-gallate has anticancer and apoptotic effects in non-small cell lung carcinoma, it acts as prooxidants and induce oxidative stress, with carcinoma cells more sensitive than normal fibroblasts. Theaflavin-3-gallate can play a role in decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption via inhibition of micelle formation.

Chiisanoside has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-rotaviral activities, it can inhibit xanthine oxidase activity and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase, it also inhibits NO and PGE2 production. Chiisanoside has the potential to prevent obesity as a lipase inhibitor which suppresses fat absorption in vivo.

Lobetyolin has a protective role in gastric mucosa injury, and the mechanism may be relate to the increase in level of 6-K-PGF1αand the inhibition the excretion of gastric acid and EGF. Lobetyolin inhibits the gene expression of MUC5AC mucin induced by PMA.

Baicalin is the glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of baicalein. It is an active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis. It has a role as an antiatherosclerotic agent, an anticoronaviral agent, an EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor, a ferroptosis inhibitor, an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antineoplastic agent, a prodrug, a neuroprotective agent, an EC 3.4.21. Baicalin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotection actions, it is a known prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor, affects the GABA receptors, and reduces the expression of NF-κB. Baicalin may have significant therapeutic benefits against diabetic complications and atherosclerosis.

(−)Epicatechin is a flavonoid present in cocoa, green tea and red wine. It is a strong antioxidant, has antinociceptive, insulin mimic actions and improves heart health; it has the potential to increase CREB-regulated gene expression and increase GluR2 levels and thus modulate neurotransmission, plasticity and synaptogenesis. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM; it inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. (-)-epicatechin is a catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a catechin and a polyphenol. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-epicatechin.

Dehydrotrametenolic acid is a promising candidate for a new type of insulin-sensitizing drug; it can be a potential anticancer agent against H-ras transformed tumor.

Eupatoriochromene retard seed germination , reduced radicle and hypocotyl growth of weed and crop plant seedlings and increased adventitious root formation of mung bean cuttings. Eupatoriochromene has insecticidal activity, it exhibits toxicity againstCulex pipiens (house mosquito) larvae andOncopeltus fasciatus (large milkweed bug) nymphs.

3,6,7-Trimethylquercetagetin is a trimethoxyflavone that is the 3,6,7-trimethyl ether derivative of quercetagetin. It has a role as a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a trihydroxyflavone and a trimethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetagetin.

Luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside is a disaccharide derivative that is luteolin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite and an antibacterial agent. It is a neohesperidoside, a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a luteolin. Lonicerin has antioxidant, anti-arthritic and antifungal activities, it can result in a combination therapy for the treatment of fungal arthritis due to C. albicans infection.

Bellidifolin has anti-oxidation, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antitumor actions, it may contribute to the protective effects associated with nerve injury initiated by hypoxia by mechanisms related to inhibition of cell apoptosis independent of the ERK pathway. Bellidifolin shows interesting inhibitory activity of monoamine oxidases (MAO) A, it could be useful for treating type-2 diabetes, likely via the improvement of insulin resistance (IR). Bellidifolin also shows an antifungal effect (MIC values of 50 microg/mL). Bellidifolin is a member of the xanthone family that is bellidin substituted with a methyl group at O-3. A natural product found particularly in Swertia chirata and Gentianella campestris. It has a role as a metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent and an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor. It is a polyphenol and a member of xanthones. It is functionally related to a bellidin.

Prudomestin is a hydroxyflavan.

Medicagenic acid, the factor responsible for hemolytic activity of lucerne saponins.Medicagenic acid derivatives exhibit potent fungistatic effects against several plant pathogens and human dermatophytes.

Baicalein is a trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -6 and -7. It has a role as an EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor, an anticoronaviral agent, a ferroptosis inhibitor, a geroprotector, an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antifungal agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a radical scavenger, a hormone antagonist, a prostaglandin antagonist, an EC 1.13.11. Baicalein has neuroprotective, anticancer, antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects, it inhibits mTORC1 pathway and PI3K kinase activity. Baicalein is mainly due to autophagic cell death through activation of the AMPK/ULK1 pathway and inhibition of mTOR/Raptor complex 1 expression; it can induce cancer cell death and proliferation retardation by the inhibition of CDC2 kinase and survivin associated with opposite role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT.

Broussoflavonol F has antiplatelet effect, is partially due to an inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase, can inhibit arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation. Broussoflavonol F shows inhibitory activities on mushroom tyrosinase. Broussoflavonol F shows radical scavenging against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the IC50 value of 708.54 uM. It also exhibits moderate cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cells with the IC50 value of 0.41-7.2 ug/mL.