Cinobufotalin is a main cardiac toxin in toad, it is a novel anti-HCC agent, it induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in cultured HCC cells through ceramide production. Cinobufotalin is also an effective reversal agent for the multidrug resistance of tumors, it can reverse the adriamycin-resistance in Raji/ADR cells and the expression of P-gp and MRP-1 proteins. Cinobufotalin can promote the dendritic cells(DCs) derived from peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B to mature and effectively enhance its(the DCs') capabilities, therefore the treatment of cinobufotalin may potentiate the antiviral immunity of the patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).

Berberine has neuroprotective, antidepressant, antineoplastic, and anti- fibrosis activities; it is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, it may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS; it also may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states.Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 75160. Berberine is a berberine alkaloid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid antibiotic and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It has a role as a geroprotector, an antioxidant, a metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an antilipemic drug, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.

Berberine hydrochloride has anticancer, antifungi, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities, it can significantly attenuate neutrophil infiltration, suppress myeloperoxidase activity, decrease NO, TNF-αand IL-1βproduction, inhibits the phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and the degradation of its inhibitor, IκBα. Berberine chloride (TN) is an organic molecular entity.

Gramine is an aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3. It has a role as an antiviral agent, an antibacterial agent, a serotonergic antagonist and a plant metabolite. It is an aminoalkylindole, an indole alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a gramine(1+). Gramine has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties; it can activate of antioxidants and inactivative of SOD in M. aeruginosa, it also has phytotoxicity on M. aeruginosa may be due to oxidative damage via oxidation of ROS .

Fucosterol possesses anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, antihistaminic, anticholinergic and antiviral activities. Fucosterol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity which might attribute to inhibition of NO and ROS generation and suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Fucosterol also has anti-diabetic activity in vivo, it exhibits an inhibition of sorbitol accumulations in the lenses and causes an inhibition of blood glucose level and glycogen degradation. Fucosterol is a dual-LXR agonist that regulates the expression of key genes in cholesterol homeostasis in multiple cell lines without inducing hepatic triglyceride accumulation; it could as an anti-obesity agent, it can inhibit expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, resulting in a decrease of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Fucosterol is a 3beta-sterol consisting of stigmastan-3beta-ol with double bonds at positions 5 and 24(28). It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite and a hepatoprotective agent. It is a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid, a member of phytosterols and a 3beta-sterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane.