Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside with a wide range of biological activities, including pancreas-protective, chondroprotective, antispasmodic, liver-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-algesic as well as anti-tumor activities. Aucubin prevents neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats with diabetic encephalopathy, it also has protective effects on H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Aucubin may improve obesity-induced atherosclerosis by attenuating TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses. Aucubin suppresses hepatitis B viral DNA replication in vitro. Aucubin is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite.

Cephaeline is a pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having a hydroxy group at the 6'-position and methoxy substituents at the 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is a conjugate base of a cephaeline(2+). It derives from a hydride of an emetan. Cephaeline was highly active against protected primary CLL cells (relative IC50's 35 nM ) and acted by repressing HIF-1α and disturbing intracellular redox homeostasis.

4-Methoxy-5- hydroxycanthin-6-one has anti-inflammatory effect, it can significantly inhibit the production of NO and the release of TNF-α induced by LPS in macrophage RAW 264.7, it has protective effect on dextran sulfate sodium -induced rat colitis. After oral administration, 4-methoxy-5- hydroxycanthin-6-one (3, 9, and 27 mg/kg) can reduce the development of carrageenan-induced paw edema and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic arthritis in rats. 5-Hydroxy-4-methoxycanthin-6-one exhibits significant cytotoxic activity against CNE2 cell line.

Psoralidin possesses potent antidepressant-like, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and chemopreventive properties. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, it is also an agonist for both estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ agonist.Psoralidin inhibits LPS-induced iNOS expression via repressing Syk-mediated activation of PI3K-IKK-IκB signaling pathways, it induces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent DNA damage and protective autophagy mediated by NOX4 in breast cancer cells. Psoralidin is a member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively. It has a role as an estrogen receptor agonist and a plant metabolite. It is a delta-lactone, a polyphenol and a member of coumestans. It is functionally related to a coumestan.