Daphnoretin is a member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, a methoxy group at position 6 and a (2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy group at position 3. It has a role as an antiviral agent, a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is an aromatic ether and a hydroxycoumarin. It is functionally related to a coumarin.

Mulberroside C shows weak activity (IC 50 =75.4 μg/ml) against herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1).

Yadanziolide A shows strong antiviral activity.

Chelidonine is a promising model compound for overcoming MDR and for enhancing cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics, especially against leukaemia cells, its efficacy needs to be confirmed in animal models. Chelidonine may be a potential therapeutic agent against metastasis of invasive human cancer cells, exhibits anti‑migratory and anti‑invasive effects in MDA‑MB‑231 cells, by suppressing COL‑I‑induced integrin signaling, through inhibiting the formation of the IPP complex and subsequent down‑regulation of IPP downstream signaling molecules, such as Akt and ERK1/2. Chelidonine is an alkaloid fundamental parent, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid and an alkaloid antibiotic.

3-Deoxysappanchalcone is an effective HO-1 inducer at the translational level. 3-Deoxysappanchalcone has anti-inflammatory, and anti-influenza virus activities, the mechanism involved anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation activities in vitro. It has inhibitory activity on MMP-9 expression and production in TNF-α-treated cells, is mediated by the suppression of AP-1 and NF-κB activation. 2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin is a member of the class of chalcones that is isoliquiritigenin in which one of the hydroxy groups at position 2' is replaced by a methoxy group. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a member of chalcones, a monomethoxybenzene and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to an isoliquiritigenin.

Trigonelline chloride, an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity, is present in considerable amounts in coffee. Trigonelline hydrochloride reduces diabetic auditory neuropathy by affecting β cell regeneration.

Limonin is a widely used dietary supplement, one of the most prevalent citrus limonoids, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)activity. It induced a down regulation of TLR-2 ,TLR-4,TNF-α, TNF-α/IL-10,NF-κB and caspase. It showed the potent inhibition of CYP3A4, with IC50 values of 6.20 μM (CYP3A4/testosterone) and 19.10 μM (CYP3A4/midazolam). Limonin is a member of furans, a lactone, an epoxide, a limonoid, an organic heterohexacyclic compound and a hexacyclic triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite, a volatile oil component and an inhibitor.

Maoecrystal A is a nartural from Rabdosia amethystoides.

Valerenic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-yl group. A bicyclic sesquiterpenoid constituent of the essential oil of the Valerian plant. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a sedative, a GABA modulator and a plant metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a sesquiterpenoid and a carbobicyclic compound. It is a conjugate acid of a valerenate. Valerenic acid, a subunit specific allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors, has anxiolytic, and antioxidant activities.

Nomilin has immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), cancer chemopreventive, antiangiogenic, anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic effects. Nomilin inhibits tumor-specific angiogenesis by downregulating VEGF, NO and proinflammatory cytokine profile and also by inhibiting the activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. It inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitro by suppression of NFATc1 and MAPK signaling pathways, indicates that nomilin-containing herbal preparations have potential utility for the prevention of bone metabolic diseases. Nomilin is a limonoid with formula C28H34O9. It is commonly found in edible citrus fruits including lemons, limes, oranges, and grapefruits. The compound exhibits a variety of biological and pharmacological activities including anticancer, antiinflammatory, antiobesity, and antiviral.

Ursonic acid is a triterpenoid. Ursonic acid, a naturally occurring triterpenoid, induces the apoptosis of human cancer cells through multiple signaling pathways. Ursonic acid has antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus types I and II in vitro; it also could be used in preparation of depression treatment medicine.

Pulchinenoside B is a natural product from Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel.

Kansuinin B is an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to a tetracarboxylic acid.

Polyphyllin G has been shown to have strong anticancer activities in a wide variety of human cancer cell lines, it also shows significant anthelmintic activity against Dactylogyrus intermedius with EC50 values of 1.2 mg L(-1) and the acute toxicities (LC50) values of 2.9 mg L(-1).

D-Pinitol is a safe nutrient to reduce calorie consumption when supplementing with creatine. It exerts anti-inflammatory, insulin-like activities; and inhibits osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow stromal cells and macrophage cells, which in turn protect bone loss from ovariectomy. It inhibits the activation of p38, JNK, and NF-κB, the expression of p53, Bcl-2, Bax and NF-kB proteins, and reduces focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation, c-Src kinase activity. D-pinitol is the D-enantiomer of pinitol. It has a role as a geroprotector and a member of compatible osmolytes. It is functionally related to a 1D-chiro-inositol. It is an enantiomer of a L-pinitol.