Alpha-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Alpha-Amyrin is trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor,it has antineoplastic,it induces proliferation of human keratinocytes.Alpha-Amyrin can as a hepatomodulatory potent to feasibility for a promising liver curative drug.

Trachelogenin has antiproliferative effect, the mechanism is related to affect the phosphorylation of key proteins such as β-Catenin, c-Myc and GSK3 in the β-Catenin signaling pathway in a concentration-dependent manner.

Salvianolic acid E is a natural product from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.

Salvianolic acid C has antioxidant effect, it exhibits potent XOD inhibitory activity with an IC(50) of 9.07 μM. Salvianolic acid C enhances the inhibitory effects on sEH might be efficient ways to improve its cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory effects.

Asperulosidic acid has been recently used in chinese medicine as a useful drug against some tumors. It has anticlastogenic activity, since the anticlastogenic irridoids have an alpha-unsaturated carbonyl group, this structure is considered to play an important role in the anticlastogenicity. Asperulosidic acid can inhibit the seed germination and growth of seedlings of large crabgrass. Asperulosidic acid, and 6-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-O-octanoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose are effective in suppressing 12-O-tedtradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- or epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell transformation and associated AP-1 activity. Asperulosidic acid is a glycoside and an iridoid monoterpenoid.

Ginsenoside Re is a major ginsenoside in ginseng and belongs to 20(S)-protopanaxatriol group. It has diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including anti-diabetic, vasorelaxant, antihyperlipidemic, anti-ischemic, angiogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation actions. It also exhibits potent neuroprotective effects against neuroinflammation in a murine model of ALS. Re increases HCAEC outward current via SKCa channel activation; it also increases the proliferation of CD4+ T cells with decreases cell death, and enhances viability of CD4+T cells through the regulation of IFN-γ-dependent autophagy activity. Ginsenoside Re is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.

Ginsenoside Rb1 is a protopanaxadiol that has diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative actions. Ginsenoside Rb1 can up-regulate the expression of GLUTs in adipose tissue, in addition to activate insulin signalling pathway, and may effectively ameliorate the progression of asthma through Relegating Th1/Th2. It inhibited Na+, K+-ATPase activity with an IC50 of 6.3±1.0 μM, activated Akt, phosphorylating GSK-3β and inhibited mPTP opening. Ginsenoside Rb1 is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is ginsenoside Rd in which the beta-D-glucopyranoside group at position 20 is replaced by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside group. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug, a radical scavenger, a neuroprotective agent, an apoptosis inhibitor, an anti-obesity agent and a plant metabolite. It is a glycoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a ginsenoside.

Gomisin D is a natural product from Schizandra chinensis.

Syringin is a monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an autophagy inducer, an antidepressant, a hepatoprotective agent, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite. It is a primary alcohol, a beta-D-glucoside, a dimethoxybenzene and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a trans-sinapyl alcohol.

Lyciumin B is a cyclic peptide.

Cantharidin, a natural toxicant of blister beetles, is a strong inhibitor of protein phosphatases types 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), and is a novel and potent multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal agent. Cantharidin has anti-tumor activity, it causes oxidative stress that provokes DNA damage and p53-dependent apoptosis, it impairs cell migration and invasion by suppressing MMP-2 and -9 through PI3K/NF-κB signaling pathways. Cantharidin is a monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. It has a role as a herbicide and an EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor. It is a monoterpenoid and a cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride.

Ginsenoside Rg6 can inhibit JK cell proliferation in human lymphocytoma and induce its apoptosis, the mechanism may through mitochondrial dysfunction and an increase of Bax expression and decrease of Bcl-2 expression.

Apigenin is a glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite, an antibacterial agent and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-).

Schisantherin A, B, C, and D show good effect in lowering the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase level of the patients suffering from chronic virus hepatitis.

Baicalin methyl ester shows inhibitory effects on the Avian Myeloblastosis Virus reverse transcriptase (AMV-RT).

Echinacoside is a natural polyphenolic compound, has various kinds of pharmacological activities, such as anti-senescence, anti-hypoxia, anti-cancer, anti-osteoporosis, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, nitric oxide radical-scavenging and vasodilative ones. Echinacoside can improve the hematopoietic function of bone marrow in 5-FU-induced myelosuppression mice, it induces apoptotic cancer cell death by inhibiting the nucleotide pool sanitizing enzyme MTH1. Echinacoside inhibits cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation caused by ensuing rotenone exposure via activating Trk-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in neuronal cells.

Stachydrine hydrochloride promotes the protein expression of IL-12 and IL-6, as well as the mRNA expression of T-bet and RORγt, while inhibiting the mRNA expression of GATA-3 and Foxp3; the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm induced by Stachydrine hydrochloride contributed to the reduction in uterine bleeding in RU486-induced abortion mice.