Apigenin is a glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite, an antibacterial agent and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-).

Tribuloside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to a 6-O-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a cinnamate ester, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a kaempferol and a trans-4-coumaric acid. Tiliroside possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-complement, anti-diabetic, anticarcinogenic and hepatoprotective activities. Tiliroside enhances fatty acid oxidation via the enhancement adiponectin signaling associated with the activation of both AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic disorders.

Maltopentaose is a maltopentaose pentasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.

5-[(E)-caffeoyl]shikimic acid is a carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (E)-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of shikimic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a cyclohexenecarboxylic acid, a carboxylic ester, a member of catechols and an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a shikimic acid and a trans-caffeic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 5-[(E)-caffeoyl]shikimate. 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid shows anti-oxidative activity; it also shows anti-inflammatory activity, the underlying mechanism was associated with downregulation of nuclear factor-κB. 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid can remarkably inhibit the macrophage migration and adhesion. It also shows moderate MDR reversal activity.

Bisdemethoxycurcumin is a natural derivative of curcumin with antiulcer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities, it suppresses MCF-7 cells proliferation by inducing ROS accumulation and modulating senescence-related pathways. Bisdemethoxycurcumin induces apoptosis in activated HSCs, but not in hepatocytes, by impairing cellular energetics and causing a downregulation of cytoprotective proteins, likely through a mechanism that involves CBR2. Bisdemethoxycurcumin is a beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups. It has a role as a metabolite and an EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor. It is a polyphenol, an enone, a beta-diketone and a diarylheptanoid. It is functionally related to a 4-coumaric acid.