Tenacissosides B, C, I and marsdenoside K inhibit the proliferation of Raji, NB4 and K562 cells in vitro significantly, in a dose and time dependent manner.

Corydalmine exhibits antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains.1-Corydalmine significantly inhibits spore germination of all the fungi at 100 to 1500 ppm. l-Corydalmine also exhibits potent analgesic activity in preclinical models, it is under development as an oral analgesic agent.

Dicoumarol is a hydroxycoumarin that is methane in which two hydrogens have each been substituted by a 4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl group. Related to warfarin, it has been used as an anticoagulant. It has a role as an anticoagulant, an EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor, a vitamin K antagonist and a Hsp90 inhibitor.

Hosenkoside C is a natural product from Impatiens balsamina L.

Fructooligosaccharide is carbohydrate-based polymers derived from natural sources that can be utilized by certain gastrointestinal tract bacteria but not by the host animal.

Alnustone is a diarylheptanoid. Alnustone has anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic and antiemetic activities. Alnustone is a non phenolic compound found in herbs and spices, and is one of the components of Alpiniae Katsumada i. Alnustone has antiemetic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Eugenin is a bitter compound.

Wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide is the glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of wogonin. It is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid, a monomethoxyflavone, a monohydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a wogonin. It is a conjugate acid of a wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronate. Wogonoside has anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anticancer effects, it may exert its anti-inflammatory effect via dual inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Wogonoside induced autophagy through the MAPK-mTOR pathway, it inhibited LTB 4 production at the concentration of 100 uM.

Obtucarbamate A has antitussive activity, it exhibits significant inhibitory effect against neuroinflammation with the IC50 value of 10.57 uM .

Apigenin is a trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4', 5 and 7. It induces autophagy in leukaemia cells. It has a role as a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a conjugate acid of an apigenin-7-olate. Apigenin is a potent inhibitor of CYP2C9, which has anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and anti-cancer effects, it may inhibit EV71 replication through suppressing viral IRES activity and modulating cellular JNK pathway.

1-Methyl-L-tryptophan is an indolyl carboxylic acid.