Jaceosidin has immunosuppressive, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, it is also a microglial inhibitor with anti-neuroinflammation activity. Jaceosidin modulates the ERK/ATM/Chk1/2 pathway, leading to inactivation of the Cdc2-cyclin B1 complex, followed by G2/M cell cycle arrest in endometrial cancer cells. Jaceosidin inhibits T cell proliferation and activation, which is closely associated with its potent down-regulation of the IFN-γ/STAT1/T-bet signaling pathway. Jaceosidin is a trihydroxyflavone that is flavone with hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' and methoxy groups at positions 3' and 6. Isolated from Salvia tomentosa and Artemisia asiatica, it exhibits anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis inducing activties. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-allergic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone.

Quercetin is one of the most prominent dietary antioxidants, it is claimed to exert beneficial health effects, this includes protection against various diseases such as osteoporosis, certain forms of cancer, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases but also against aging. It is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4±0.6 μM, 3.0±0.0 μM and 5.4±0.3 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively. It also attenuated the function VEGFR, androgen receptor and the expressions of NF-κB, IL Receptor, FAK, ERK,Nrf2. Miquelianin is a quercetin O-glycoside that consists of quercetin attached to a beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Salvia and Phaseolus vulgaris, it exhibits antioxidant and antidepressant activities. It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite and an antidepressant. It is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid and a quercetin O-glycoside.

Camelliaside B is a natural product from Camellia oleifera Abel. Camelliaside b is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

Camelliaside A is a natural product from Camellia oleifera Abel.

Alliin is an L-alanine derivative in which one of the methyl hydrogens of L-alanine has been replaced by an (S)-allylsulfinyl group. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antimicrobial agent, a neuroprotective agent, a plant metabolite and a cardioprotective agent. It is a sulfoxide, an olefinic compound, a L-cysteine derivative, a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid and a L-alanine derivative. It is a tautomer of an alliin zwitterion. Alliin has antiglycating potential , it offers protection against glucose or methyglyoxal induced glycation of superoxide dismutase, hence is expected to have therapeutic potential in the prevention of glycation-mediated diabetic complications. Alliin has anti-inflammatory activity, it protects against Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by activating PPARγ, which subsequently inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB activation and inflammatory response; alliin has an inhibitory effect in osteoclasteogenesis with a dose-dependent manner via blocking the c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling pathway, it could be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of osteoporosis. Alliin and sabinene have detectable levels of antimicrobial activity. Alliin， Oral active sulfoxide compounds can be isolated from garlic, which have hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities.

Eleutheroside E is a glycoside and a lignan.

Alpha-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Alpha-Amyrin is trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor,it has antineoplastic,it induces proliferation of human keratinocytes.Alpha-Amyrin can as a hepatomodulatory potent to feasibility for a promising liver curative drug.

Neoeriocitrin is a flavanone glycoside that is eriodictyol substituted by a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, a neohesperidoside, a trihydroxyflavanone, a disaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to an eriodictyol. Neoeriocitrin has antioxidant capacity, it could rescue the inhibition effect of cell differentiation induced by PD98059 to some degree.Neoeriocitrin may be a new promising candidate drug for treatment of osteoporosis.

Lutein and lycopene has chemopreventive activity, the possible mechanism is their antioxidant effects. Nutritional supplementation with lutein or lutein together with antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, improves visual function and symptoms in atrophic age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Lutein is a carotenol. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food colouring. It derives from a hydride of a (6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene.

Isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a monomethoxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a beta-D-glucose and an isorhamnetin.

Shanzhiside has immunosuppressive activity, it shows significant inhibition of IL-2 secretion by phorbol myristate acetate and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody co-stimulated activation of human peripheral blood T cells.

Mulberroside C shows weak activity (IC 50 =75.4 μg/ml) against herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1).

Cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside chloride is a memeber of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside as the cationic counterpart. It contains a cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride has anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects.

Dehydrocorydalin has anti-inflammatory,antinociceptive,antiplatelet,and anti-tumor effects and can protect the cardiovascular system. Dehydrocorydaline stimulates p38 MAPK activation, which can enhance heterodimerization of MyoD and E proteins, thus resulting in MyoD activation and myoblast differentiation. Dehydrocorydaline inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis mediated by regulating Bax/Bcl-2, activating caspases as well as cleaving PARP.

Sarsasapogenin has antidiabetic, improving memory, antidepressant, anti-oxidative, anticancer and anti-inflamatory activities. It can effectively promote the proliferation,differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts cultured in vitro, it also can inhibit the generation of osteoclasts from marrow cells. Sarsasapogenin potently inhibited NF-κB and MAPK activation, as well as IRAK1, TAK1, and IκBα phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated macrophages.

Chebulagic acid is a potent DNA topoisomerase inhibitor, and is also COX-2 and 5-LOX dual inhibitor. Chebulagic acid may be of value as broad-spectrum antivirals for limiting emerging/ recurring viruses known to engage host cell glycosaminoglycans for entry. Chebulagic acid can be used to control blood glucose and manage type 2 diabetes, although clinical trials are needed.

Isoschaftoside is a C-glycosyl compound that is apigenin substituted at positions 6 and 8 by alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl and beta-D-glucosyl residues respectively. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin.

Schaftoside is a C-glycosyl compound that is apigenin substituted by beta-D-glucopyranosyl and an alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl moieties at positions 6 and 8 via C-glycosidic linkages. It has a role as an antioxidant and an antinematodal drug. It is a C-glycosyl compound and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. Schaftoside has antioxidant activity, it also can inhibit phospholipase, lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, three pro-inflammatory enzymes.

Scutellarein has antioxidant, antitumor, anti-adipogenic, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities, it can improve neuronal injury, has better protective effect in rat cerebral ischemia. Scutellarein may serve as a SARS-CoV chemical inhibitor, it also exerts strong inhibition towards the tested UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms. Scutellarein is flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7. It has a role as a metabolite. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a scutellarein(1-).