Alpha Typerone is associated with downregulation of Cox-2, IL-6, Nck-2, Cdc42, and Rac1 expression, thereby reducing inflammatory response.

Diosmetin has anti-osteoporosis, cytoprotective, antibacterial, anti-pigmentation, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it induces osteoblastic differentiation through the PKCδ-Rac1-MEK3/6-p38 and PKCδ-Rac1-MEK1/2- ERK1/2-Runx2 pathways.Diosmetin has intracellular antioxidant detoxifying effect, the mechanism is associated with both nonenzymatic and enzymatic defense systems.Diosmetin and luteolin exert synergistic cytostatic effects in human hepatoma HepG2 cells via CYP1A-catalyzed metabolism, activation of JNK and ERK and P53/P21 up-regulation.

Phorbol is a diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions. It is a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone, a tertiary alcohol, a cyclic ketone, an enone and a tetracyclic diterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of a tigliane. Phorbol is a natural product from Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.