Albiflorin is a monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. It has a role as a neuroprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a secondary alcohol, a bridged compound, a benzoate ester, a gamma-lactone and a monoterpene glycoside. Albiflorin has anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant-like effects. Albiflorin may reduce or prevent osteoblast degeneration in osteoporosis, and may promote the recovery of bone marrow hemopoietic function in a myelosuppressed mouse model, it has neuroprotective effect on primary hippocampal cells against β-amyloid induced toxicity. Albiflorin is a monoterpene glycoside with neuroprotective effects that can cross the blood-brain barrier. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties.

Orcinol glucoside is anxiolytic agent without sedative effect, it improves depressive behaviour in CUMS rats by downregulating HPA axis hyperactivity and increasing BDNF expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the hippocampus.

Neohesperidin is a flavanone glycoside that is hesperitin having an 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of 4'-methoxyflavanones, a neohesperidoside, a monomethoxyflavanone, a dihydroxyflavanone, a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones, a disaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to a hesperetin. Neohesperidin, a natural new nutrition sweetener, has antioxidant (IC50=22.31ug/mL), anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. It can attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via the inhibition of neuronal and oxidative stress through the regulation of the apoptotic pathway and activating the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, it may be useful for the treatment and/or protection of gastritis.

Methyl vanillate is a benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of vanillic acid. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is a member of phenols, an aromatic ether and a benzoate ester. It is functionally related to a vanillic acid.

Ricinine exhibits hepatoprotection in CCl4 -induced liver damage. Ricinine is a nitrile, a pyridine alkaloid and a pyridone.