Luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a luteolin. It is a conjugate acid of a luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-).

Aconitine is a diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively. It is functionally related to an aconitane. Aconitine, one of the major Aconitum alkaloids, is a highly toxic compound from the Aconitum species, it appears to exert a long-lasting cholinergic action in the causation of severe arrhythmias leading to death.

Salvianolic acid A has antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antithrombotic effect, and antiplatelet actions. it also has a significant protective effect against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction; it activates the Nrf2/HO-1 axis in RPE cells and protects against oxidative stress via activation of Akt/mTORC1 signaling. Salvianolic acid A (oral) can significantly improve glucose metabolism and inhibit oxidative injury as well as protect against impaired vascular responsiveness in STZ-induced diabetic rats. It is a novel matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor, can prevents cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Bufalin a major digoxin-like immunoreactive component of the Chinese medicine Chan Su; has been shown to exert a potential for anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines in vitro. Bufalin is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the steroid receptor coactivators steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-3 and SRC-1, it also as a potentially broad-spectrum small-molecule inhibitor for cancer. Bufalin can partly reverse the MDR of K562/VCR cells, with a possible mechanism of down-regulating MRP1 expression and activating apoptosis pathway by altering Bcl-xL/Bax ratio. Bufalin is a 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a cardiotonic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent and an animal metabolite. It is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a 14beta-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to a bufanolide.

Ophiopogonin D plays a protective role as an effective antioxidant in H2O2-induced endothelial injury, it can attenuate doxorubicin-induced autophagic cell death by relieving mitochondrial damage in vitro and in vivo, it can be therefore developed as a novel drug for the therapy of cardiovascular disorders. Ophiopogonin D and spicatoside A can increase mucin production and secretion, by directly acting on airway epithelial cells, they could be as expectorants in diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Ophiopogonin D inhibits MCF-7 cell growth via the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.

3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde is a dihydroxybenzaldehyde.

The cardiac glycosides digitoxin and digoxin have been used in cardiac diseases for many years, digitoxin also has growth inhibition activity in three human cancer cell line, digitoxin activates pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative signaling cascades and cell cycle arrest. Digitoxin could as a candidate drug for suppressing IL-8-dependent lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF), it can suppress hypersecretion of IL-8 from cultured cystic fibrosis (CF) lung epithelial cells, the specific mechanism is to block phosphorylation of the inhibitor of NF-kappa.Digitoxin actively inhibits Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication with a 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) of 0.05 microM, the inhibitory effects of digitoxin are likely to be introduced at the early stage of HSV-1 replication and the virus release stage. Digitoxin is a cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(14)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(14)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. It is functionally related to a digitoxigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a digitoxin(1-).

Notoginsenoside Fc has perfect anti-platelet aggregatory effect.

Puerarin is a hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4' and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a C-glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an autophagy inducer, a ferroptosis inhibitor, an antioxidant, an antipyretic, an anti-inflammatory agent, a plant metabolite and a cardioprotective agent. It is a C-glycosyl compound and a hydroxyisoflavone. It is functionally related to an isoflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a puerarin(1-). Puerarin is a 5-HT2C receptor and benzodiazepine site antagonist, it exerts a regulatory effect on lipid accumulation by decreasing lipogenesis in hepatocytes, it may have therapeutic benefits in the treatment of fatty liver and lipid-related metabolic disorders, it also may act as an intracellular ROS scavenger, and its antioxidant properties may protect against Abeta25-35-induced cell injury,and apoptosis and could also promote the survival of PC12 cells.

Benzoylhypaconine is a diterpene alkaloid with formula C31H43NO9 that is isolated from several Aconitum species. It has a role as a xenobiotic, a phytotoxin, a plant metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a rat metabolite. It is a diterpene alkaloid, a tertiary alcohol, a triol, a secondary alcohol, a bridged compound, a benzoate ester, an organic heteropolycyclic compound, a polyether and a tertiary amino compound. It derives from a hydride of an aconitane.

N-Nornuciferine can competitively inhibit CYP2D6 activity with Ki values of 2.34 uM.

Cyanidin Chloride, the main phenolic antioxidant in the grape (Vitis vinifera), in particular in the liposomal forms, could be used for treatment of diabetes mellitus complications. It has a dual effect on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, exhibits therapeutic potential in prevention of osteoclasts related bone disorders.

Digoxin is a cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, a cardiotonic drug, an epitope and an EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. Digoxin is a classical Na,K-ATPase inhibitor, with selectivity for the α2β3 isoform over the common α1β1 isoform, used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Digoxin and other cardiac glycosides can inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α synthesis and block tumor growth.

Polydatin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer activities, which has favorable potency to develop a hypolipemic and/or hepatoprotective agent in clinic. It is a mitochondria protector for acute severe hemorrhagic shock treatment, the neuronal mitochondrial injury is involved in the genesis of severe shock. Polydatin has a protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat heart, the cardioprotection of polydatin is mainly mediated by cNOS which leading to an increase in NO production. Trans-piceid is a stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a geroprotector, an antioxidant, a metabolite, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a potassium channel modulator, a hepatoprotective agent and a nephroprotective agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a polyphenol, a stilbenoid and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a trans-resveratrol.

Naringenin is a weak estrogen that also exhibits partial antiestrogenic activity in the female rat uterus and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Naringenin is also a agent for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Naringenin has hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, free radical scavenger, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, and immune system modulator properties. Naringenin possesses potent antidepressant-like property via the central serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. (S)-naringenin is the (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an expectorant. It is a (2S)-flavan-4-one and a naringenin. It is a conjugate acid of a (S)-naringenin(1-). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-naringenin.

Ophiopogonanone A has oxygen free radicals(OFRs) scavenging effects, it can scavenge hydroxyl radical(·OH) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) in vitro.

Methylophiopogonanone A has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, it also has therapeutic potential against cerebral I/R injury through its ability to attenuate BBB disruption by regulating the expression of MMP-9 and tight junction proteins.