Arachidonic acid is 1 of only 2 unsaturated fatty acids retained in the ovaries of crustaceans and an inhibitor of HR97g, a nuclear receptor expressed in adult ovaries. Arachidonic acid induces retinal arteriolar vasodilation by inhibiting subcellular Ca(2+)-signaling activity in retinal arteriolar myocytes, most likely through a mechanism involving the inhibition of L-type Ca(2+)-channel activity. Arachidonic acid causes an increase in free cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in differentiated skeletal multinucleated myotubes C2C12 and does not induce calcium response in C2C12 myoblasts. Arachidonic acid is a long-chain fatty acid that is a C20, polyunsaturated fatty acid having four (Z)-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14. It has a role as a mouse metabolite, a human metabolite, an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor and a Daphnia galeata metabolite. It is a long-chain fatty acid, an omega-6 fatty acid and an icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an arachidonate. It derives from a hydride of a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraene.

Drimenol is a sesquiterpenoid primary alcohol, being methanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl group. It is a homoallylic alcohol, a member of octahydronaphthalenes, a primary alcohol and a sesquiterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of a drimane. Drimenol shows antifungal activity, it is able to affect Botrytis cinerea growth with the EC50 value of 80 ppm. Drimendiol also shows quorum sensing inhibition activity.

Albiflorin is a monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. It has a role as a neuroprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a secondary alcohol, a bridged compound, a benzoate ester, a gamma-lactone and a monoterpene glycoside. Albiflorin has anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant-like effects. Albiflorin may reduce or prevent osteoblast degeneration in osteoporosis, and may promote the recovery of bone marrow hemopoietic function in a myelosuppressed mouse model, it has neuroprotective effect on primary hippocampal cells against β-amyloid induced toxicity. Albiflorin is a monoterpene glycoside with neuroprotective effects that can cross the blood-brain barrier. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties.

Isoescin IB is a natural product from Aesculus hippocastanum L.

Veraguensin shows activity against trypomastigote T. cruzi., it shows high antileishmanial activity. Veraguensin and galgravin can inhibit bone resorption and may offer novel compounds for the development of drugs to treat bone-destructive diseases such as osteoporosis. Veraguensin is a lignan. It has a role as a metabolite.

Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-glucuronide is a triterpenoid saponin that is the 3-O-beta-glucuronide of glycyrrhetic acid. It is a metabolite of glycyrrhizin contained in licorice and potentially a causative agent in the pathogenesis of pseudoaldosteronism. It has a role as an EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor, a sweetening agent, an anti-allergic agent, a plant metabolite and a human xenobiotic metabolite.

Monoxerutin is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

Saikogenin D possesses a dual effect: an inhibition of A23187-induced PGE2 production without a direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity; and an elevation of [Ca2+]i that is attributed to Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Saikogenin D has immunomodulatory effect, it can attenuate IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages of B6 more than in that of BALB.

Bisabololoxide A induces apoptosis in rat thymocytes.

Ginsenoside Ro has antioxidative properties against UV-B-induced oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblasts, it possesses a potential skin anti-photoaging property against UV-B radiation in fibroblasts. It also exerts anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation in IL-1β-induced rat chondrocytes, which might be related to NF-κB signal pathway, it might be a potential novel drug for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Ginsenoside Ro enhances in vivo hair re-growth based on their inhibitory activity against 5αR in the androgenetic alopecia model, it shows immunomodulatory effects by regulating the production and expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in murine splenocytes. Chikusetsusaponin-V is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite.

Methyl salicylate is a benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid. It has a role as an insect attractant, a metabolite and a flavouring agent. It is a methyl ester, a member of salicylates and a benzoate ester. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid. Methyl salicylate is a common herbivore-induced plant volatile that, when applied to crops, has the potential to enhance natural enemy abundance and pest control. Methyl salicylate has both stimulatory and inhibitory actions on TRPV1 channels, it shows analgesic effects.

Bisabolangelone has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and antioxidant activities, it inhibits dendritic cell functions by blocking MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Bisabolangelone has antimelanogenic activity, the cAMP-binding site of PKA as a putative target ameliorating melanocyte-specific hyperpigmented disorder. Bisabolangelone has anti-ulcer activity, it is possible that bisabolangelone inhibited the activity of the H(+)/K(+)-ATPase, then reducing the secretion of H(+). It also inhibits the activity of 5alpha-reductase type I in LNCaP cells (IC50 = 11.6 microg/ml).

Sphondin may have anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities, it may act as a potent inhibitor of NO production under tissue-damaging inflammatory conditions, it also possesses an inhibitory effect on IL-1beta-induced increase in the level of COX-2 protein and PGE(2) release in A549 cells through suppression of NF-kappaB activity. Sphondin, 8-methoxypsoralen, and khellin have delayed phototoxic effects inAedes aegypti.