Harpagide has neuroprotective effect, it can obviously protect acute cerebral ischemia in mice,its therapeutical effects are approached to protecting the activity of brain mitochondria and decreasing protein expression level of caspase-3; harpagide also has a potential for prevention of bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice by regulating the stimulation of osteoblast differentiation and the suppression of osteoclast formation. Harpagide may have anti-inflammatory efficacy.

Aconitine is a diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively. It is functionally related to an aconitane. Aconitine, one of the major Aconitum alkaloids, is a highly toxic compound from the Aconitum species, it appears to exert a long-lasting cholinergic action in the causation of severe arrhythmias leading to death.

Acacetin is a monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin. It has a role as an anticonvulsant and a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a 5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate. Acacetin is an atrium-selective agent that prolongs the atrial effective refractory period without prolonging the corrected QT interval and effectively prevents atrial fibrillation (AF) in anesthetized dogs after intraduodenal administration. Acacetin has anti-cancer, anti-mutagenic, spasmolytic and antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-peroxidative effects. Acacetin is an orally effective flavonoid derived from Dendranthema morifolium. Acacetin stops in the ATP binding pocket of PI3K γ. Acacetin causes cancer cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis and autophagy. Acacia extract has effective anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities, and has the potential for research on pain related diseases.

Benzoylhypaconine is a diterpene alkaloid with formula C31H43NO9 that is isolated from several Aconitum species. It has a role as a xenobiotic, a phytotoxin, a plant metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a rat metabolite. It is a diterpene alkaloid, a tertiary alcohol, a triol, a secondary alcohol, a bridged compound, a benzoate ester, an organic heteropolycyclic compound, a polyether and a tertiary amino compound. It derives from a hydride of an aconitane.

Bicuculline is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species. (+)-Bicuculline is a competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors with IC50 of 2 μM, also blocks Ca(2+)-activated potassium channels.It is effective in vitro against spore germination of some plant pathogenic fungi, it can significantly inhibit spore germination of all the fungi at concentrations of 100-1000 ppm.

Kawain is an aromatic ether and a member of 2-pyranones.

Arecaidine is a citraconoyl group.

Indaconitine is a natural product from Aconitum hemsleyanum PRITZ.

Otophylloside B is a steroid saponin that is 17alpha-pregnenolone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8, 12beta, 14beta and 17beta, in which the 14beta-hydrocy group has been acylated by formal condensation with the carboxy group of (2E)-3,4-dimethylpent-2-enoic acid, and in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been glycosylated with 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl-(14)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(14)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D. Otophylloside B shows anti-aging effects, it can extend lifespan, increase heat stress-resistance, delay body paralysis, and increase the chemotaxis response in C. elegans models of Alzheimer's disease. Otophylloside B can suppress the seizure-like locomotor activity caused by pentylenetetrazole in zebrafish.

Bilobalide possesses anticonvulsant, insecticidal, and cardioprotective effects. Bilobalide exerts protective and trophic effects on neurons, the PI3K/Akt pathway may be involved in the protective effects of bilobalide; it also can protect PC12 cells from A beta 25-35-induced cytotoxicity, it dose-dependently attenuates the cytotoxic effect of A beta 25-35. Bilobalide is a terpenoid trilactone found in extracts of Ginkgo biloba.

Parthenolide exhibits anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-Leishmania, and antimigraine effects, it inhibits nociception and neurogenic vasodilatation in the trigeminovascular system by targeting the TRPA1 channel.Parthenolide is also an inhibitor of the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway, can ameliorate cardiovascular derangement and outcome in endotoxic shock in rodents. (1Ar,7aS,10aS,10bS)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octahydrooxireno[9,10]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one is a germacranolide.

3-Deoxyaconitine has toxicity.

Hastatoside is an iridoid monoterpenoid with formula C17H24O11 that is isolated from several plants including Verbena officinalis and exhibits a sleep-promoting effect. It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a methyl ester, a cyclopentapyran, an iridoid monoterpenoid, an alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester, a monosaccharide derivative and a monoterpene glycoside. Hastatoside and verbenalin are major sleep-promoting components of V. officinalis. Hastatoside has anti-inflammatory activity.

Huperzine A is a sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from a club moss Huperzia serrata that has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity. It is also an effective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and has attracted interest as a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent, a nootropic agent and a plant metabolite. Huperzine A is a potent, selective and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and has been widely used in China for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Huperzine A induces CYP3A4 expression and activation via PXR dependent pathways, may contribute to drug-drug interactions with ligustrazine and oridonin.

Mesaconitine has antinociceptive activity, has inhibition of stimulus-triggered and spontaneous epileptiform activity in rat hippocampal slices. It has antiinflammatory activity, it induced Ca2+ influx and activation of nitric-oxide synthase in endothelial cells and, thus, induced vasorelaxation in rat aorta.