Epiberberine, a natural protoberberine alkaloid, is a potent inhibitor against both ureases with IC50 values of 3.0±0.01μM for HPU (ureases from Helicobacter pylori) and 2.3±0.01μM for JBU (ureases from jack bean); it also exhibits predominant cholinesterases (ChEs) inhibitory effects with IC(50) values ranging between 0.44-1.07 microM for AChE and 3.32-6.84 microM for BChE. Epiberberine has anti-adipogenic effect is mediated by downregulation of the Raf/MEK1/ERK1/2 and AMPKα/Akt pathways during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Epiberberine also ha anti-alzheimer and antioxidant activities.

Phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate is a phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. Phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate is an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) and SphK. Phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate is an NF - κ B activator. Phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate can induce differentiation of THP-1 cells (which has been validated by MCE professional biological experiments).

Deapio-platycodin D is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite.

Ethylparaben is the ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, used as an antifungal preservative and food additive. It is a standardized chemical allergen, has a certain reproductive toxicity to F0 male Drosophila.The physiologic effect of ethylparaben is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Ethylparaben is an ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with ethanol. It has a role as an antifungal agent, an antimicrobial food preservative, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is an ethyl ester and a paraben.

Agrimol B has antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lacrymans (bacterial leaf spot pathogen), Ralstonia solanacearum (tomato bacterial wilt pathogen) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Tobacco wild fire pathogen). Agrimol B has a therapeutic potential on alleviating obesity, through modulation of SIRT1-PPARγ signal pathway. Agrimol B is a polyphenol and an orally effective SIRT1 activator. Agrimol B as anti adipogenic and anticancer activities. Agrimol B has antibacterial activity against plant pathogens. Agrimol B significantly inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by reducing the expression of PPAR γ, C/EBP α, FAS, UCP-1, and apoE. The effect of Agrimol B on cancer cells may be attributed to its effects on c-MYC, SKP2, and p27.

Isorhamnetin, a natural flavonol aglycon, is a tyrosinase inhibitor and has anti-adipogenic, cardioprotective, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. it inhibits the H(2)O(2)-induced activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway via ROS scavenging and ERK inactivation, it inhibits NF-κB signaling. Isorhamnetin prevents angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting the overexpression of p47(phox) and the subsequent increases O2-production, resulting in increased nitric oxide bioavailability.

Orcinol glucoside is anxiolytic agent without sedative effect, it improves depressive behaviour in CUMS rats by downregulating HPA axis hyperactivity and increasing BDNF expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the hippocampus.

Alisol C can improve glucose uptake in Hep G2 cells, it may be one of the therapeutic material basis in hypoglycemic activities in A. orientalis. Alisol C,16,23-oxido-alisol B and alisol O in Zexie may cause nephrotoxicity.

Praeruptorin B has significant important phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGTs) isoforms inhibition activity. Praeruptorin B and praeruptorin A have LC 50 values of 34.5 and121.2 ug/ml, respectively, in Artemia salina test .

Salicortin is a glycoside.

2''O-acetylplatycodin D is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite.

Berberine has neuroprotective, antidepressant, antineoplastic, and anti- fibrosis activities; it is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, it may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS; it also may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states.Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 75160. Berberine is a berberine alkaloid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid antibiotic and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It has a role as a geroprotector, an antioxidant, a metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an antilipemic drug, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.

Acitretin has immunomodulatory effect, and low dose acitretin therapy is safe, well tolerated and partially effective in chemoprophylaxis of skin cancer in renal transplant recipients, it for chemoprevention of non-melanoma skin cancers in renal transplant recipients. Acitretin dramatically improves the results of UV-B treatment in patients with severe psoriasis and it markedly decreases the effective cumulative UV-B dose. Acitretin in the treatment of severe lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva. Acitretin therapy is effective for psoriasis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. All-trans-acitretin is a retinoid, an acitretin and an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid. It has a role as a keratolytic drug.

Glabrone shows antiviral activity against influenza virus. It also exhibits significant PPAR-gamma ligand-binding activity.

Supplementation of Genistin alone or with selenium provides antioxidant defense with high-potential chemopreventive activity against DMBA-induced mammary tumors more than selenium alone.Intravitreal injection of Genistin is safe and effective in reducing traumatic PVR in clinical treatment. Genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer and a cardioprotective agent. It is functionally related to a genistein. It is a conjugate acid of a genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-).

Chicoric acid is an organooxygen compound. It has a role as a geroprotector and a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is functionally related to a tetracarboxylic acid.