Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Chlorogenic acid, a phenolic compound found ubiquitously in plants, is an antioxidant and metal chelator, it has antiviral activity by inhibiting HBV replication, it inhibits the inflammatory reaction in HSE via the suppression of TLR2/TLR9-Myd88 signaling pathways. Some derivatives of chlorogenic acid are hypoglycemic agents and may affect lipid metabolism, chlorogenic acid can improve glucose tolerance, decrease some plasma and liver lipids, and improve mineral pool distribution in vivo. Chlorogenic acid is a cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a tannin and a cinnamate ester. It is functionally related to a trans-caffeic acid and a (-)-quinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorogenate.

L-citrulline is the L-enantiomer of citrulline. It has a role as a micronutrient, a protective agent, a nutraceutical, an EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a D-citrulline. It is a tautomer of a L-citrulline zwitterion.

Hyperforin is a cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antidepressant, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, a plant metabolite and a GABA reuptake inhibitor. It is a cyclic terpene ketone, a carbobicyclic compound and a sesquarterpenoid. Hyperforin acts as an angiogenesis inhibitor, it as a possible antidepressant component of hypericum extracts. Hyperforin acts as a dual inhibitor of 5-LO and COX-1 in intact cells as well as on the catalytic activity of the crude enzymes, suggesting therapeutic potential in inflammatory and allergic diseases connected to eicosanoids.

Hyperforin acts as an angiogenesis inhibitor, it as a possible antidepressant component of hypericum extracts. Hyperforin acts as a dual inhibitor of 5-LO and COX-1 in intact cells as well as on the catalytic activity of the crude enzymes, suggesting therapeutic potential in inflammatory and allergic diseases connected to eicosanoids.

Evodiamine, a novel non-pungent vanilloid receptor agonist, which has the effects of anti-obese, analgesic, vasodilator, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. It prevents the accumulation of perivisceral fat and the body weight increase, blocks of the Ca2+ influx through receptor-mediated Ca2+ channels, inhibits NF-kB activation through suppression of IkB kinase activity.

N-Methylcytisine's nicotinic receptors have high affinity (KD = 50 nM)to nAChR from squid optical ganglia, N-methylcytisine is a selective ligand of nicotinic receptors of acetylcholine in the central nervous system. (−)-N-methylcytisine and (−)-anagyrine have nematicidal activity against pine wood nematodes.

Notoginsenoside Fc has perfect anti-platelet aggregatory effect.

Stigmasterol is used as a precursor in the manufacture of synthetic progesterone, it is an antagonist of the bile acid nuclear receptor FXR, which has anti-inflammatory, thyroid inhibitory, cholesterol-lowering, antiperoxidative and hypoglycemic effects; it has indicated that stigmasterol may be useful in prevention of certain cancers, including ovarian, prostate, breast, and colon cancers. Stigmasterol inhibits the NF-kappaB pathway. Stigmasterol is a 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a member of phytosterols and a 3beta-sterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane.

Corosolic acid has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activities, it can ameliorate hypertension, abnormal lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress as well as the inflammatory state in SHR-cp rats; it can improve glucose metabolism by reducing insulin resistance, it inhibits the enzymatic activities of several diabetes-related non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in vitro, such as PTP1B, T-cell-PTP, src homology phosphatase-1 and src homology phosphatase-2. Corosolic acid can suppress the M2 polarization of macrophages and tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting both STAT3 and NF-κB activation, it also can enhance the antitumor effects of adriamycin and cisplatin in in vitro. Corosolic acid is a natural product found particularly in Rhododendron species and Eriobotrya japonica. It has a role as a metabolite.

3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a conjugate acid of a 4,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is naturally isolated and has antioxidant, DNA protective, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective properties. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid exhibits apoptosis mediated cytotoxicity and alpha glucosidase inhibition. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid has a unique antiviral mechanism by increasing TRAIL to enhance virus clearance.

Rebaudioside A is a rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside. It has a role as a sweetening agent. It is a rebaudioside and a beta-D-glucoside. It is functionally related to a rubusoside and a beta-D-Glcp-(1->2)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1->3)]-beta-D-Glcp. Rebaudioside A, an natural sweetening ingredient, is approximately 250 to 300 times sweeter than sucrose, do not contribute calories or carbohydrates to the diet and do not affect blood glucose or insulin response. It is a α-glucosidase inhibitor with IC50 of 35.01 μg/ml.

Saponarin shows in vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity against CCl4-induced liver damage. Saponarin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages via inhibition of NF-κB, ERK and p38 signaling.Saponarin is characterized as α-glucosidase inhibitor present in Tinospora cordifolia, it also has hypoglycemic activity in the range of 20-80 mg/kg compared to 100-200 mg/kg for acarbose as reported.Saponarin also exerts slight antihypertensive activity in non-diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 7-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)isovitexin is a C-glycosyl compound, a dihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It has a role as a metabolite. It is functionally related to an isovitexin.

Pinocembrin chalcone has tyrosinase inhibitory activity.It also shows antimutagenic effect, which is mainly due to the inhibition of the first step of enzymatic activation of heterocyclic amines. Pinocembrin chalcone shows antimicrobial activity against the antibiotic susceptible NG strain WHO V ; it also displays activity against Candida albicans with a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 100 microg/mL.

1. Soyasaponins has chemoprevention activities, it prevent H₂O₂-induced inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication by scavenging reactive oxygen species in rat liver cells. 2. Soyasaponins can significantly decrease blood glucose, improve atherosclerotic index, and inhibit lipid peroxidation and platelet aggregation in diabetic rats, which may be useful in prevention and control of diabetes mellitus and diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. 3. Soyasaponins abundant in soybean have anti-inflammatory activities, low-dose SSs alleviated contact hypersensitivity (CHS) symptoms by attenuating inflammation and improving the intestinal microbiota composition, suggesting that dietary SSs may have beneficial effects on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). 4. Dietary soyasaponin has inhibitory effects on 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity in mice.

Hesperidin has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, vasoprotective,and anticarcinogenic effects, it induces apoptosis and triggers autophagic markers through inhibition of Aurora-A mediated phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signalling cascades in experimental colon carcinogenesis. Hesperidin also exerts its protective effect against CYP-induced hepatotoxicity through upregulation of hepatic PPARγ expression and abrogation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Hesperidin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a mutagen. It is a member of 4'-methoxyflavanones, a rutinoside, a monomethoxyflavanone, a dihydroxyflavanone, a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones, a disaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to a hesperetin.