Neomangiferin exhibits antidiabetic and antiosteoporotic actions; it has beneficial effects on high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats, it also modulates the Th17/Treg balance and ameliorates colitis in mice.

Hypocrellin A, an a natural perylene quinine photosensitizers (PSs), can chelate with heavy metal ions, including Au(III) and Pt(IV), to form a 1:2 complex. Hypocrellin A has light-induced antitumor,antifungal and antiviral activities, it also exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted presentation of antigen.

(-)-catechin-3-O-gallate is a gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of ()-catechin. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a polyphenol, a gallate ester and a member of flavans. It is functionally related to a gallic acid and a (-)-catechin. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate. Catechin, a cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.4 μM, which has antiangiogenic, antitumor, antioxidant, UV-protective, anti-aging, phytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects. Catechin shows its potential as biobased active packaging for fatty food, and exerts cardioprotection through treating many kinds of angiocardiopathy.

Swainsonine is an indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an immunological adjuvant, an EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite.

Hypericin is a photosensitive antiviral with anticancer and antidepressant agent . It can inhibit tyrosine kinases with IC50 of 7.5 μM. It can induce both apoptosis and necrosis in a concentration and light dose-dependent fashion, and inhibit RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis via affecting ERK signalling in vitro and suppresses wear particle-induced osteolysis in vivo. Hypericin is a carbopolycyclic compound. It has a role as an antidepressant. It derives from a hydride of a bisanthene.

Isovanillin is a member of the class of benzaldehydes that is 4-methoxybenzaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase. It has a role as a HIV protease inhibitor, an antifungal agent, an antidiarrhoeal drug, an EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor, an animal metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a member of benzaldehydes, a monomethoxybenzene and a member of phenols. Isovanillin is a reversible inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase. It is largely used as pharmaceutical intermediates and also applied in food and beverage industry, synthetic fragrances, chemical. Isovanillin is a selective inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase, is metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase into isovanillic acid ,and the LD50 (rat, ipr) is 1276 mg/kg.

Limonin is a widely used dietary supplement, one of the most prevalent citrus limonoids, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)activity. It induced a down regulation of TLR-2 ,TLR-4,TNF-α, TNF-α/IL-10,NF-κB and caspase. It showed the potent inhibition of CYP3A4, with IC50 values of 6.20 μM (CYP3A4/testosterone) and 19.10 μM (CYP3A4/midazolam). Limonin is a member of furans, a lactone, an epoxide, a limonoid, an organic heterohexacyclic compound and a hexacyclic triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite, a volatile oil component and an inhibitor.

Ganoderic acid B is a chemical marker in quality control of G. lucidum and related products. Ganoderic acid B-containing herbs has potential influence towards therapeutic window of trifluoperazine.Ganoderic acid B has antinociceptive effect; it is moderately active inhibitors against HIV-1 protease with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.17-0.23 mM.

Carnosic acid is an abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 11 and 12 and a carboxy group at position 20. It is isolated from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and common sage (Salvia officinalis) and exhibits anti-angiogenic, antineoplastic, antioxidant and anti-HIV activity.

Plantagoside is a potent inhibitor of the Maillard reaction, it also can inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products in proteins in physiological conditions and inhibit protein cross-linking glycation. It is also a specific non-competitive inhibitor for jack bean alpha-mannosidase (IC50 at 5 microM). Plantagoside suppresses antibody response to sheep red blood cells and concanavalin A induced lymphocyte proliferation which was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Plantagoside has potential therapeutic applications in the prevention of diabetic complications. Plantagoside is a flavanone glycoside that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 4' and 5' and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 3' respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, a beta-D-glucoside, a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a monosaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to a (2S)-flavanone.

Azadirachtin has antifungal activity, it used as insecticides.

Lucialdehyde B is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is lanosta-8,24-dien-26-al substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 7. Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma pfeifferi, it exhibits antiviral and cytotoxic activities. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and an anti-HSV agent. It is a steroid aldehyde, a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a cyclic terpene ketone and a 7-oxo steroid. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Lucialdehyde B exhibits potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus. It shows cytotoxic effects on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), T-47D, Sarcoma 180, and Meth-A tumor cell lines.

Laurolistine is an aporphine alkaloid that is noraporphine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 9 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 10. Isolated from Litsea glutinosa and Lindera chunii, exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase. It has a role as a metabolite and a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is an aporphine alkaloid, a member of phenols and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to an aporphine.

Liquidambaric lactone may have inhibitory HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity.