L-leucine is the L-enantiomer of leucine. It has a role as a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a L-alpha-amino acid, a leucine, a pyruvate family amino acid and a proteinogenic amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-leucinium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-leucinate. It is an enantiomer of a D-leucine. It is a tautomer of a L-leucine zwitterion. L-Leucine is an essential amino acid for the human body, L-Leucine improves the anemia and developmental defects associated with Diamond-Blackfan anemia and del(5q) MDS by activating the mTOR pathway, and an excess of dietary l-leucine has been shown to retard the growth of rats fed low-protein diets or diets deficient in isoleucine.

Viscumneoside III is a viscumneoside that is homoeriodictyol in which the hydroxy group at position 7 has been converted into the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, the 2-hydroxy group of which has been converted to its beta-D-apiofuranoside derivative. Found in Viscum coloratum, an evergreen hemiparasitic plant whose stems and leaves are used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatism. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Viscumneoside III demonstrates high tyrosinase inhibition, it can be utilized in skin whitening cosmetics.

L-valine is the L-enantiomer of valine. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a L-alpha-amino acid, a pyruvate family amino acid, a valine and a proteinogenic amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-valinium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-valinate. It is an enantiomer of a D-valine. It is a tautomer of a L-valine zwitterion. L-Valine is an essential amino acid for the human body. L-Valine and L-isoleucine could be used in the supplements of low-protein corn and soybean meal all-vegetable diets for broilers.

Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K. Chrysophanol has anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and anti-diabetic properties, it can play metabolic roles in the insulin-stimulated glucose transport pathway; it can inhibit NALP3 inflammasome activation and ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice; it also is active against plant powdery mildew. Chrysophanol is a trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. It has a role as an antiviral agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a chrysazin.

Talatisamine is a newly identified K+ channel blocker with hypotensive and antiarrhythmic activities. Talatisamine (120 μM) and TEA (5mM) inhibits the enhanced I(K) caused by Aβ40 oligomers, attenuates cytotoxicity of Aβ oligomers by restoring cell viability and suppressing K(+) loss related apoptotic response.

Siaresinol is a triterpenoid.

Cephalotaxine is a benzazepine alkaloid isolated from Cephalotaxus harringtonia. It is a secondary alcohol, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a benzazepine alkaloid, a benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent, an enol ether, a tertiary amino compound and a cyclic acetal. Cephalotaxine is an antiviral as well as antitumor agent. It is useless for the treatment of infection by flaviviruses, but potentially useful in combined therapy against hepatitis B.

L-threonine is an optically active form of threonine having L-configuration. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a L-alpha-amino acid, an aspartate family amino acid, a threonine and a proteinogenic amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-threoninium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-threoninate. L-Threonine is a natural amino acid, can be produced by microbial fermentation, and is used in food, medicine, or feed.

Catharanthine Sulfate is a natural product from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don.

Paederosidic acid methyl ester has antinociception, is possibly related to the pathway of NO-cGMP-ATP sensitive K(+) channels.

(+)-Praeruptorin A exerts distinct relaxant effects on isolated rat aorta rings, which may be mainly attributed to nitric oxide synthesis catalyzed by endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

Usnic acid has antitumoral, acaricidal, larvicidal, antiviral, antibiotic, antipyretic, analgesic,gastroprotective, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Use of reconstituted bovine type-I collagen-based films containing usnic acid can improve burn healing process in rats. Usnic acid perturbs various interrelated signaling pathways and that autophagy induction is a defensive mechanism against usnic acid-induced cytotoxicity; it disturbs calcium homeostasis, induces ER stress, and that Usnic acid-induced cellular damage occurs at least partially via activation of the Ca(2+) channel of SOCE.

Catharanthine inhibits nicotinic receptor mediated diaphragm contractions with IC50 of 59.6 μM, it dilates small mesenteric arteries and decreases heart rate and cardiac contractility by inhibition of voltage-operated calcium channels on vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes.

L-lysine is an L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. It has a role as a micronutrient, an anticonvulsant, a nutraceutical, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a L-alpha-amino acid, an aspartate family amino acid, a lysine and a proteinogenic amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-lysinium(1+). It is a conjugate acid of a L-lysinate. Lysine is an essential amino acid for the human body. L-lysine and L-glutamic acid and as useful building blocks for the preparation of bifunctional DTPA-like ligands.

L-isoleucine is the L-enantiomer of isoleucine. It has a role as a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a L-alpha-amino acid, an aspartate family amino acid, an isoleucine and a proteinogenic amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-isoleucinium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-isoleucinate. It is an enantiomer of a D-isoleucine. It is a tautomer of a L-isoleucine zwitterion. L-Isoleucine often impacts muscle repair function, cirrhosis, obesity, cardiovascular disease, glucose and lipid metabolism, blood glucose levels and other conditions. L-Isoleucine administration can regulate the inflammatory response to protect against pathogens in vivo and in vitro, making it for research in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) (HY-116282) -induced colitis.

Loureirin B, a flavonoid extracted from Dracaena cochinchinensis, is an inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), with an IC50 of 26.10 μM; Loureirin B also inhibits KATP, the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, and has anti-diabetic activity.Loureirin B inhibits fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition in hypertrophic scar via TGF-β/Smad pathway, loureirin B can suppress tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) voltage-gated sodium currents in a dose-dependent way.

Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K. Chrysophanol has anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and anti-diabetic properties, it can play metabolic roles in the insulin-stimulated glucose transport pathway; it can inhibit NALP3 inflammasome activation and ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice; it also is active against plant powdery mildew.