Avicularin is a quercetin O-glycoside in which an alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated particularly from Juglans regia and Foeniculum vulgare. It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is an alpha-L-arabinofuranoside, a tetrahydroxyflavone, a monosaccharide derivative and a quercetin O-glycoside. Avicularin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of ERK signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells; it inhibits the accumulation of the intracellular lipids by decreasing C/EBPα-activated GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake in adipocytes and potently inhibiting fatty acid synthase.

Magnolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-histaminic, and antioxidative effects, it might be a naturally occurring chemoprevention and therapeutic agent capable of inhibiting cell proliferation and transformation by targeting ERK1 and ERK2. Magnolin can ameliorate the renal tubular necrosis, apoptosis, and the deterioration of renal function, it reduces the renal oxidative stress, suppresses caspase-3 activity, and increases Bcl-2 expression in vivo and in vitro.

Atractylenolide III, a potential house dust mite control agent, has neuroprotection, gastroprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, it also may control immunological reactions by regulating the cellular functions of IL-6 in mast cells. It inhibited nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in mouse macrophages, and inhibited Lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF- α and NO production in macrophages. Atractylenolide III is a natural product found in Atractylodes lancea. It has a role as a metabolite.

Astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) is a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory activity, it inhibits the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways. Astragalin ameliorates oxidative stress-associated epithelial eosinophilia and apoptosis through disturbing TLR4-PKCβ2-NADPH oxidase-responsive signaling; it also can be effective in allaying ROS-promoted bronchial fibrosis through inhibiting autophagosome formation in airways. Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside is a kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a trypanocidal drug and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a trihydroxyflavone, a monosaccharide derivative and a kaempferol O-glucoside. It is a conjugate acid of a kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-).

Baohuoside I is a novel immunosuppressive molecule, exhibits antimetastatic, anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Baohuoside I can inhibit the proliferation of Eca-109 cells, this effect associats with down-regulation expression of β-catenin,Cyclin D1,Survivin,and their proteins,which affects on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Icariside II is a glycosyloxyflavone that is 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavone in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted into its alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to an alpha-L-rhamnopyranose.

Pseudojervine is a steroid saponin.

Gambogic acid is a tissue-specific proteasome inhibitor, which has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenesis activities. Gambogic acid induces LRIG1 (leucine-rich repeat and Ig-like domain-containing-1) upregulation, which is responsible for EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) degradation and its downstream Akt/mTORC1 inhibition.