Bavachin is a phytoestrogen that activates the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ with EC50s of 320 and 680 nM, respectively. It is a cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, may have therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes by activating insulin signaling pathways. Bavachin can stimulate the genetic expression of VEGF in PB,and directly help the fracture healing, and potentially protect cartilage from inflammation-mediated damage in joints of osteoarthritis patients through decreasing IL-1β-induced activation of IKK-IκBα-NF-κB signaling pathway. Bavachin has suppressive effects against pigmentation by melanin in the skin.

Caesappanin C exhibits a proliferation stimulating activity against primary osteoblastic cells.

Arjungenin shows β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, it shows antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Arjungenin exhibits moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis (MICs within a range of 64 and 256 ug/mL). Arjungenin shows significant protection against domoic acid induced toxicity in Caco-2 cell line.

Isoforsythiaside has antioxidant, and antibacterial activities.

Triptonide is a diterpene triepoxide that is triptobenzene K in which the acylhydroquinone moiety has undergone oxidation to the corresponding triepoxyketone derivative. It has been isolated from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an immunosuppressive agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a diterpene triepoxide, a cyclic ketone, a butenolide and an organic heteroheptacyclic compound. Triptonide is effective in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and has potent antileukemic and antitumor activities, it possesses anti-inflammatory activity, upregulate the expression of IL-37, and this expression was suppressed by ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK inhibitors.

Kushenol A is a kind of Adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate(cAMP)phosphodiesterase inhibitiors, it shows selective alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Kushenol A and kushenol C exhibit inhibitory activity against Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2).

Silydianin, an active constituent of Silybium marianum, has inhibitory effect on on the in vitro production and release of oxidative products. Silydianin has possible antiinflammatory activity, which regulates caspase-3 activation, affects cell membranes and acts as a free radical scavenger.

Ganoderic acid C1 has anti-inflammatory activity, has potential for treating TNF-α mediated inflammation in asthma and other inflammatory diseases. Ganoderic acid C1 has anti-tumor-promoting activity. It is moderately active inhibitors against HIV-1 protease.

Cinnamic acid, a naturally occurring aromatic fatty acid of low toxicity, has anti-diabetic , anticancer and antioxidant activities. It is a cell differentiation inducer and protein isoprenylation inhibitor, shows a significant radio-protective effect by reducing the DNA damage induced by X-rays. Cinnamic acid inhibited feeding by detritivores, this inhibition occurs at concentrations found in nature and may be a major factor controlling the rate of decay of organic matter. It inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity in reversiblywith the IC 50 value of 2.10 mM. Cinnamic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of cinnamic acids and a member of styrenes. It is a conjugate acid of a cinnamate.

Sophocarpine has anti-cachectic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. It has significant antivirus effects against coxsackievirus B3 and therapeutic effects for viral myocarditis in clinical, can ameliorate the ischemic injury induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for chronic liver diseases. Sophocarpine inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, JNK, iNOS, COX-2, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, TLR4, and activated signaling pathway of AMPK.