Bilobetin treatment ameliorates hyperlipidaemia, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance in rats by stimulating PPARα-mediated lipid catabolism.

Forskolin is a ubiquitous activator of eukaryotic adenylyl cyclase (AC) in a wide variety of cell types, commonly used to raise levels of cAMP in the study and research of cell physiology. Forskolin has antitumor, antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions, it may cause genotoxic effects. Chronic administration of Forskolin can decrease fasting blood glucose levels, it is effective in preventing diet induced obesity. Forskolin is a labdane diterpenoid isolated from the Indian Coleus plant. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an anti-HIV agent, a plant metabolite, a protein kinase A agonist and an adenylate cyclase agonist. It is a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a triol, a labdane diterpenoid, a cyclic ketone and an acetate ester.

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, blood-sugar-lowering, antiaging, and anti-cancer properties. It has a wide spectrum of targets including cyclooxygenases(i.e. COX, IC50=1.1 μM), lipooxygenases（LOX, IC50=2.7 μM, kinases, sirtuins, c-IAP1, c-IAP2, livin and XIAP. Resveratrol regulates gene transcription via activation of the stimulus-regulated protein kinases Raf and ERK and the stimulus-responsive transcription factors TCF and Egr-1. 4'-O-methyl-trans-resveratrol is an ether. It is functionally related to a trans-resveratrol.

Hordenine is an inhibitor of noradrenaline uptake, is also an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation. It can inhibit melanogenesis by suppressing cAMP production, which is involved in the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins. Hordenine also has a positive inotropic effect upon the heart, increases systolic and diastolic blood pressure, peripheral blood flow volume, inhibits gut movements.

Alisol C Monoacetate is a triterpenoid. Alisol C monoacetate(Alisol C 23-acetate) has antibacterial activity.

Roemerine is a potential active xanthine oxidase(XOD) inhibitor, XOD is a key enzyme in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and also a well-known target for the drug development to treat gout. Roemerine has some anti-prostate cancer effect and alleviates adverse reactions in paclitaxel combination administration. Roemerine shows significant anti-plasmodial activities with IC(50) ranged from 1.2 μM to 52.3 uM. Roemerine also possesses antibacterial activity, it improves the survival rate of septicemic BALB/c mice by increasing the cell membrane permeability of Staphylococcus aureus.