Gossypol is an effective natural antimicrobial agent against a wide range of potential fungal pathogens of cotton.Gossypol shows a significant increase in accumulation of acidic vesicular organelle, is a promising drug that induces autophagic cell death in radioresistant malignant glioma.Gossypol binds to Bcl-xL protein and Bcl-2 protein with Kis of 0.5-0.6 μM and 0.2-0.3 mM, respectively. Gossypol is an aldehyde, a hydroxynaphthalene, a polyphenol and a hexol. It has a role as an antispermatogenic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite.

Periplocymarin, a cardiac glycoside, has potential anti-cancer activity. Octreotide-conjugated periplocymarin demonstrates tumor selectivity and may be useful as a targeting agent to improve the safety profile of cardiac glycosides for cancer therapy.

Pinoresinol has antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and fungicidal activities, it can protect pial microcirculation from I-reperfusion injury, to increase nitric oxide release and to reduce oxidative stress preserving pial blood flow distribution; it may exert pharmacologically interesting effects via modulation of the insulin-like signalling pathway in C. elegans. Pinoresinol causes an upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1) both at mRNA and protein levels, inhibits NF-kappaB and activating protein 1 (AP-1). (+)-pinoresinol is an enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-1S,3aR,4S,6aR-configuration. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen.

Corypalmine (IC50=128.0±10.5 uM) can inhibit prolyl oligopeptidase. (-)-Corypalmine shows inhibition activity against spore germination of some fungi.

Bacopaside II is a potential anti-angiogenic agent, it can reduce endothelial cell migration and tubulogenesis and induce apoptosis. Bacopaside II shows antioxidant and antidepressant activities, it can inhibit both basal activity as well as verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity, suggesting its affinity towards P-gp.

Polygodial is an aldehyde.

Pterosin B is a salt-inducible kinase 3 (Sik3) pathway inhibitor, it prevents chondrocyte hypertrophy and osteoarthritis in mice by inhibiting Sik3. Pterosin B shows cytotoxicity against HL 60 cells (human leukemia) with the IC(50) value of 8.7 microg/mL. Pterosin B has multiple targets in gluconeogenic programs, including coenzyme Q in RORα-SRC2 signaling.

Lappaconitine hydrobromide, a diterpene alkaloid, is a drug for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, it is a selective blocker of the TTX-sensitive Na+ channels, and does not influence on the activation threshold of Na+ channels. Lappaconitine hydrobromide can be used for local anesthesia, and analgesic treatment. Lappaconitine hydrobromide has anti-inflammatory effects, it can remove inflammation and swelling, lower temperature and relieve heat.

Tacrolimus (anhydrous) is a macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. It has a role as an immunosuppressive agent and a bacterial metabolite. Tacrolimus versus ciclosporin are primary immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients.

Narcissoside is a good 15-LO and α-glucosidase inhibitor, it with synergism of B.flavum flavonoid and rutin, could be responsible for stronger protection against mitochondrial induced oxidative stress. Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside is a monomethoxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative.

Tulipalin A is a butan-4-olide having a methylene group at the 3-position. It has a role as an anti-ulcer drug and a gastrointestinal drug.

Chebulanin is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, it inhibits the calcineurin pathway in C. neoformans. Chebulanin exhibits potent antifungal activity against various human pathogenic fungi with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.25 to over 64 μg/ml. Chebulanin shows strong radical scavenging activity, good potency to chelate Fe2⁺ and good inhibition ability of lipid peroxidation. Chebulanin is a strong therapeutic alternative for the treatment of rheumatism arthritis, it suppresses the expression of inflammatory mediators and prevents cartilage destruction and bone erosion in mice.Chebulanin has anti-cancer acrtivity, it has apparent capacities of inhibiting the survival of MCF-7 human cancer cell line.