Daphnoretin is a member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, a methoxy group at position 6 and a (2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy group at position 3. It has a role as an antiviral agent, a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is an aromatic ether and a hydroxycoumarin. It is functionally related to a coumarin.

Catalpol is a kind of enzyme inhibitors, it has been shown to have antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and other neuroprotective properties and plays a role in neuroprotection against hypoxic/ischemic injury, AD and PD in both in vivo and in vitro models.Catalpol regulates cholinergic nerve system function through effect on choline acetyl-transferase not M receptor affinity, it has a wide spectrum of targets including Bcl-2 , PI3K, Akt-eNOS, caspase. Catalpol is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite.

Licoflavone A is a member of flavones.

Yadanziolide B is a quassinoid that is 13,20-epoxypicras-3-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 6, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 21 and oxo groups at positions 2 and 16. Isolated from the ethanol extract of the stem of Brucea mollis, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a delta-lactone, a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an enone, a heptol and a quassinoid. Yadanziolide B exhibits cytotoxic activities with IC50 values of 3.00-5.81 uM.

Limonin is a widely used dietary supplement, one of the most prevalent citrus limonoids, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)activity. It induced a down regulation of TLR-2 ,TLR-4,TNF-α, TNF-α/IL-10,NF-κB and caspase. It showed the potent inhibition of CYP3A4, with IC50 values of 6.20 μM (CYP3A4/testosterone) and 19.10 μM (CYP3A4/midazolam). Limonin is a member of furans, a lactone, an epoxide, a limonoid, an organic heterohexacyclic compound and a hexacyclic triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite, a volatile oil component and an inhibitor.

Laurolistine is an aporphine alkaloid that is noraporphine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 9 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 10. Isolated from Litsea glutinosa and Lindera chunii, exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase. It has a role as a metabolite and a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is an aporphine alkaloid, a member of phenols and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to an aporphine.

Dehydroandrographolide is a novel TMEM16A inhibitor and possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-virus and anti-hepatitis activity. It possesses activity against HBV DNA replication with IC50 values of 22.58 uM and low SI values of 8.7 ; it can alleviate oxidative stress in LPS-induced acute lung injury possibly by inactivating iNOS.

Sennoside A is a member of the class of sennosides that is rel-(9R,9'R)-9,9',10,10'-tetrahydro-9,9'-bianthracene-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4', by beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy groups at positions 5 and 5', and by oxo groups at positions 10 and 10'. The exact stereochemisty at positions 9 and 9' is not known - it may be R,R (as shown) or S,S. It is an oxo dicarboxylic acid and a member of sennosides. Sennoside A, a kind of irritant laxative isolated from rhei rhizome, causes purgative actions in the intestine, it and Sennoside B have protective effects on gastric lesion. Sennoside A also is a new dual HIV-1 inhibitor effective on HIV-1 replication.

Gramine is an aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3. It has a role as an antiviral agent, an antibacterial agent, a serotonergic antagonist and a plant metabolite. It is an aminoalkylindole, an indole alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a gramine(1+). Gramine has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties; it can activate of antioxidants and inactivative of SOD in M. aeruginosa, it also has phytotoxicity on M. aeruginosa may be due to oxidative damage via oxidation of ROS .

(-)-Chimonanthine (IC50 = 0.93 uM) shows potent inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated murine B16 melanoma 4A5 cells. (-)-chimonanthine is the (3aS,3a'S,8aS,8a'S)-stereoisomer of chimonanthine. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-chimonanthine.