Gymnemagenin is a potent and selective antagonist for the β isoform of LXR, it has antihyperglycemic activity, it can be considered further for development into a potent anti-diabetic drug.

1-[(2E,4E)-2,4-decadienoyl]pyrrolidine is a N-acylpyrrolidine. It has a role as a metabolite.

Raspberry ketone prevents and improves obesity and fatty liver by increasing norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in white adipocytes, it also can increase the fatty acid oxidation and suppressed lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Raspberry ketone has anti-melanogenic activity, it could be used to treat hyperpigmentation. Raspberry ketone enhances the differentiation of C3H10T1/2 stem cells into osteoblasts, and it may promote bone formation by an action unrelated to adipocyte differentiation. Raspberry ketone is a ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy group. It is found in a variety of fruits including raspberries, blackberries and cranberries, and is used in perfumery and cosmetics. It has a role as a metabolite, an androgen antagonist, a flavouring agent, a fragrance, a hepatoprotective agent and a cosmetic. It is a member of phenols and a methyl ketone.

Evodiamine, a novel non-pungent vanilloid receptor agonist, which has the effects of anti-obese, analgesic, vasodilator, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. It prevents the accumulation of perivisceral fat and the body weight increase, blocks of the Ca2+ influx through receptor-mediated Ca2+ channels, inhibits NF-kB activation through suppression of IkB kinase activity.

Tribuloside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to a 6-O-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a cinnamate ester, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a kaempferol and a trans-4-coumaric acid. Tiliroside possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-complement, anti-diabetic, anticarcinogenic and hepatoprotective activities. Tiliroside enhances fatty acid oxidation via the enhancement adiponectin signaling associated with the activation of both AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic disorders.

Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is 24,25,26-trinoroleana-1(10),3,5,7-tetraen-29-oic acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2, a hydroxy substituent at position 3 and two methyl groups at positions 9 and 13. An antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Potently inhibits lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NFB activation. Also shown to inhibit topoisomerase II activity in vitro (IC50 = 7.41 M). Celastrol is a potent proteasome inhibitor for the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome with IC50 of 2.5 μM. Celastrol is also a novel HSP90 inhibitor, it has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor , antiangiogenesis, and antioxidant activities. Celastrol inhibits Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase and inhibits VEGF receptors expression.

Bilobetin treatment ameliorates hyperlipidaemia, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance in rats by stimulating PPARα-mediated lipid catabolism.

Corosolic acid has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activities, it can ameliorate hypertension, abnormal lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress as well as the inflammatory state in SHR-cp rats; it can improve glucose metabolism by reducing insulin resistance, it inhibits the enzymatic activities of several diabetes-related non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in vitro, such as PTP1B, T-cell-PTP, src homology phosphatase-1 and src homology phosphatase-2. Corosolic acid can suppress the M2 polarization of macrophages and tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting both STAT3 and NF-κB activation, it also can enhance the antitumor effects of adriamycin and cisplatin in in vitro. Corosolic acid is a natural product found particularly in Rhododendron species and Eriobotrya japonica. It has a role as a metabolite.

Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are the major active components in pepper spray products, which are widely used for law enforcement and self-protection, they has cytotoxicity, they induces p53 protein and G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Dihydrocapsaicin induces hypothermia and substance P depletion, it or radiolabelled dihydrocapsaicin, may be a useful tool for investigating the mechanisms by which capsaicin alters thermoregulation and primary afferent neuron function.Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin have effect on in vitro blood coagulation and platelet aggregation. Nordihydrocapsaicin is a member of phenols and a member of methoxybenzenes.

Capsiate is a carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (6E)-8-methylnon-6-enoic acid with the benzylic hydroxy group of vanillyl alcohol. A non-pungent analogue of capsaicin with a similar biological profile. It has a role as a capsaicin receptor agonist, an antioxidant, a hypoglycemic agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an anti-allergic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxybenzene, a carboxylic ester and a member of phenols.

Methyleugenol (ME) is a natural constituent of the essential oils of a number of plants widely used in foodstuffs as flavouring agents, in view of the carcinogenic potential of ME, the need to check its presence in food products with effective analytical methods. ME has elaxant and antispasmodic actions on guinea-pig isolated ileum, it also has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and insecticidal properties.ME can inhibit the production of nitric oxide and decreased the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, it down-regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ischemic brain as well as in immunostimulated mixed glial cells. O-methyleugenol is a phenylpropanoid. It is functionally related to a eugenol.

Platycodon D shows antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities, it can induce autophagy in NCI-H460 and A549 cells through inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and activating JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Platycodon D can inhibit migration, invasion, and growth of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells via suppression of EGFR-mediated Akt and MAPK pathways. Platycodin D is also a potent adjuvant of specific cellular and humoral immune responses against recombinant hepatitis B antigen. Platycodin D is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite.