Kakuol has antifungal activity, it can completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea Pers ex Fr and Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis & Arthur at 50 microg ml(-1) and 30 microg ml(-1), respectively. Kakuol and a derivative analogue are able to inhibit the DNA relaxation mediated by the human enzyme.

Brazilin exhibits cancer preventive, anti-hepatotoxicity, antiplatelet activity, and anti-inflammatory activities, it also inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1/3 expressions and secretions by suppressing of NF-κB activation in human dermal fibroblasts, thus, it might be used as a potential agent for treatment of UV-induced skin photoaging. Brazilin has anti-IKK activity, can selectively disrupt proximal IL-1 receptor signaling complex formation by targeting an IKK-upstream signaling components. Brazilin induces vasorelaxation by the increasing intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in endothelial cells of blood vessels and hence activating Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent NO synthesis. Brazilin is a tertiary alcohol, a member of catechols and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. It has a role as an antioxidant, a biological pigment, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, a plant metabolite and a histological dye.

Avenanthramide E is an alkaloid and a member of benzamides.

Alpha-Boswellic acid is a triterpenoid. alpha-Boswellic acid (α-BA)has gastroprotective properties by decreasing oxidative stress and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. α-BA also has protective effects against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in Balb/ cA mice.α-BA could be considered as a potent therapeutic agent for prevention and decreasing the progression of Alzheimer’s hallmarks, it can efficiently reduce hyperphosphorylated Tau (Ser404) in STZ-treated astrocytes and decrease ROS generation and promote proliferation of astrocytes through elevating Survivin expression. Alpha Boswellic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with oral activity that can be extracted from frankincense. Alpha Boswellic acid has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Alpha Boswellic acid can be used for research on Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The cardiac glycosides digitoxin and digoxin have been used in cardiac diseases for many years, digitoxin also has growth inhibition activity in three human cancer cell line, digitoxin activates pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative signaling cascades and cell cycle arrest. Digitoxin could as a candidate drug for suppressing IL-8-dependent lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF), it can suppress hypersecretion of IL-8 from cultured cystic fibrosis (CF) lung epithelial cells, the specific mechanism is to block phosphorylation of the inhibitor of NF-kappa.Digitoxin actively inhibits Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication with a 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) of 0.05 microM, the inhibitory effects of digitoxin are likely to be introduced at the early stage of HSV-1 replication and the virus release stage. Digitoxin is a cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(14)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(14)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. It is functionally related to a digitoxigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a digitoxin(1-).

Terrestrosin D can induce apoptotic cell death and inhibit angiogenesis in xenograft tumor cells, cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells and endothelial cells might be plausible mechanisms of actions for the observed antitumor and antiangiogenic activities of terrestrosin D.

Chelidonine is a promising model compound for overcoming MDR and for enhancing cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics, especially against leukaemia cells, its efficacy needs to be confirmed in animal models. Chelidonine may be a potential therapeutic agent against metastasis of invasive human cancer cells, exhibits anti‑migratory and anti‑invasive effects in MDA‑MB‑231 cells, by suppressing COL‑I‑induced integrin signaling, through inhibiting the formation of the IPP complex and subsequent down‑regulation of IPP downstream signaling molecules, such as Akt and ERK1/2. Chelidonine is an alkaloid fundamental parent, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid and an alkaloid antibiotic.

Pimpinellin has phototoxic, it acts as antagonist of proteins with GABA receptor activity. Pimpinellin has anti- inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. Pimpinellin also has anti-bacterial activity, it shows inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Ra , with MICs of 812 uM and IC50s of 389 uM.

Polyphyllin G has been shown to have strong anticancer activities in a wide variety of human cancer cell lines, it also shows significant anthelmintic activity against Dactylogyrus intermedius with EC50 values of 1.2 mg L(-1) and the acute toxicities (LC50) values of 2.9 mg L(-1).

Stevioside is a safe natural sweetener, has no allergic reactions, suited for both diabetics, and PKU patients, as well as for obese persons intending to lose weight by avoiding sugar supplements in the diet. Stevioside enjoys a dual positive effect by acting as an antihyperglycemic and a blood pressure-lowering substance, it may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.Stevioside exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties by inhibiting the release of cytokines and the activation of TLR2 and proteins of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as caspase-3 and Bax. Stevioside is a diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.

Paederosidic acid has significant anti-tumor, anticonvulsant and sedative effects. Paederosidic acid increases brain gamma-aminobutyric acid and decreases glutamic acid in the brain, and it up-regulates expressions of GAD 65, may be a promising future therapeutic agent for treatment of epilepsy.