Alpha-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Alpha-Amyrin is trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor,it has antineoplastic,it induces proliferation of human keratinocytes.Alpha-Amyrin can as a hepatomodulatory potent to feasibility for a promising liver curative drug.

Lutein and lycopene has chemopreventive activity, the possible mechanism is their antioxidant effects. Nutritional supplementation with lutein or lutein together with antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, improves visual function and symptoms in atrophic age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Lutein is a carotenol. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food colouring. It derives from a hydride of a (6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene.

Notoginsenoside S may have hepatoprotective effects.

Clerosterol as a precursor of cyasterone, isocyasterone and 29-norcyasterone in biosynthesis of phytoecdysteroids of Ajuga hairy roots. Clerosterol exerts its cytotoxic effect in A2058 human melanoma cells by caspases-dependent apoptosis. Clerosterol is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane.

Kakkalide is a potent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor, it has anti-inflammatory effects. Kakkalide can inhibit ROS-associated inflammation and ameliorated insulin-resistant endothelial dysfunction by beneficial effects on IRS-1 function.Kakkalide attenuates ethanol-induced gastric injury in mice by inhibiting the infiltration of neutrophils, it also shows protective effects on ethanol-induced lethality and hepatic injury are dependent on its biotransformation by human intestinal microflora.

Salvianolic acid E is a natural product from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.

Lacto-N-triaose is an oligosaccharide.

(-)-gallocatechin gallate is a gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of ()-gallocatechin. A natural product found in found in green tea. It has a role as an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite and a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a catechin, a polyphenol and a gallate ester. It is functionally related to a gallic acid and a (-)-gallocatechin. Gallocatechin gallate has strong antioxidative, and anti-obesity activities, it inhibits 3T3-L1 differentiation and lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation through MAPK and NF-κB signaling; it also may have anti-diabetic effects by increasing sensitivity of insulin. Gallocatechin gallate can decrease osteoclastogenesis at 20 microM, it has positive effects on bone metabolism through a double process of promoting osteoblastic activity and inhibiting osteoclast differentiations.

Diosmin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of diosmetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a monomethoxyflavone, a rutinoside, a dihydroxyflavanone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a diosmetin.

Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Angoroside C has anti-inflammatory effect , it can significantly inhibit LPS-induced PGE(2), NO and TNF-alpha in a concentration-dependent manner; it also exhibits cytotoxic and cytostatic activities against several kinds of cancer cells. Angoroside C has beneficial effects against ventricular remodeling, the mechanism is likely to be related to decreasing the level of Ang Ⅱ, attenuating the mRNA expressions of ET-1 and TGF-β1. Angoroside C is a phenylpropanoid glycoside extracted from Scrophularia ningpoensis, which is beneficial for ventricular remodeling.

Lyciumin B is a cyclic peptide.

Formononetin is a phytoestrogen, could be used in postmenopausal osteoporosis. It has antitumorigenic effects, suppressed the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; it also exhibits antiviral activities against some members of Picornaviridae, could inhibit EV71-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production via MAPKs pathway including ERK, p38 and JNK. Formononetin is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4'. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is a member of 4'-methoxyisoflavones and a member of 7-hydroxyisoflavones. It is functionally related to a daidzein. It is a conjugate acid of a formononetin(1-).

Avenanthramide 1p is an alkaloid and a member of benzamides.

2-{[(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxyprop-2-en-1-ylidene]amino}-5-hydroxybenzoic acid is an alkaloid and a member of benzamides.

Astilbin has insecticidal, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, it may act as an efficient therapeutic agent for arthritis like cyclosporine A but with less toxicity, its mechanism includes a selective suppression on lymphocyte functions via reducing MMP and NO production. Astilbin can exert an early renal protective role to diabetic nephropathy (DN), inhibit production of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF).Astilbin also alleviates contact hypersensitivity through a unique mechanism involving a negative cytokine regulation through stimulating IL-10, which is distinct from the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A. Astilbin is a flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, an alpha-L-rhamnoside, a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones, a monosaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to a (+)-taxifolin. It is an enantiomer of a neoastilbin.

Angeloylgomisin H shows moderate cytotoxic activities with IC50 values ranging from 100 to 200 ug/mL against MCF7, HEK293 and CAL27 cell lines. Angeloylgomisin H may present significant myocardial protective activity.