Geraniin is a TNF-α releasing inhibitor with numerous activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, has anti-oxidant , and anti-hyperglycemic activities, with an IC50 of 43 μM. Geraniin presents radioprotective effects by regulating DNA damage on splenocytes, exerting immunostimulatory capacities and inhibiting apoptosis of radiosensitive immune cells and jejunal crypt cells. Geraniin induces Nrf2-mediated expression of antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and NQO1, presumably via PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, thereby protecting cells from H2O2-induced oxidative cell death.

Methyl rosmarinate shows antioxidative, and antifungal activities. It has inhibitory activities against tyrosinase, α-glucosidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1).

Chlorogenic acid, a phenolic compound found ubiquitously in plants, is an antioxidant and metal chelator, it has antiviral activity by inhibiting HBV replication, it inhibits the inflammatory reaction in HSE via the suppression of TLR2/TLR9-Myd88 signaling pathways. Some derivatives of chlorogenic acid are hypoglycemic agents and may affect lipid metabolism, chlorogenic acid can improve glucose tolerance, decrease some plasma and liver lipids, and improve mineral pool distribution in vivo. Chlorogenic acid is a cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a tannin and a cinnamate ester. It is functionally related to a trans-caffeic acid and a (-)-quinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorogenate.

3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a conjugate acid of a 4,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is naturally isolated and has antioxidant, DNA protective, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective properties. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid exhibits apoptosis mediated cytotoxicity and alpha glucosidase inhibition. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid has a unique antiviral mechanism by increasing TRAIL to enhance virus clearance.

Eleutherol is a naphthofuran.

1. Soyasaponins has chemoprevention activities, it prevent H₂O₂-induced inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication by scavenging reactive oxygen species in rat liver cells. 2. Soyasaponins can significantly decrease blood glucose, improve atherosclerotic index, and inhibit lipid peroxidation and platelet aggregation in diabetic rats, which may be useful in prevention and control of diabetes mellitus and diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. 3. Soyasaponins abundant in soybean have anti-inflammatory activities, low-dose SSs alleviated contact hypersensitivity (CHS) symptoms by attenuating inflammation and improving the intestinal microbiota composition, suggesting that dietary SSs may have beneficial effects on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). 4. Dietary soyasaponin has inhibitory effects on 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity in mice.

Ganoderol B is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 27. It has been isolated from several Ganoderma species. It has a role as an antiviral agent, a hepatoprotective agent and a fungal metabolite. It is a primary allylic alcohol, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a 3beta-sterol. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Ganoderol B is a potent α-glucosidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, with an IC(50) of α-glucosidase is 119.8 uM. It may be useful in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) therapy through suppressing the function of androgen and its receptor.

5-O-feruloylquinic acid is a potent Sirt1 agonist, it is a potential lead compound that can be further tested in drug development process for diseases associated with aging.

1-Deoxynojirimycin is an optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-HIV agent, an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor, an anti-obesity agent, a plant metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. It is a piperidine alkaloid and a 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol. 1-Deoxynojirimycin is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, suppresses postprandial blood glucose, thereby possibly preventing diabetes mellitus. 1-Deoxynojirimycin as a therapeutic agent by controlling the overgrowth and biofilm formation of S. mutans, it also can block human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein- mediated membrane fusion at the CXCR4 binding step. 1-Deoxynojirimycin is an orally effective alpha glucosidase inhibitor. 1-Deoxynojirimycin inhibits postprandial blood glucose and prevents diabetes. 1-Deoxynojirimycin has hypoglycemic, weight loss, and antiviral effects.

Glycyrrhisoflavone is a tyrosinase inhibitor, it also shows inhibitory effects on monoamine oxidase. Glycybenzofuran shows significant protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity in vitro with the IC50 value of 25.5 microM. Glycyrrhisoflavone has anti-inflammatory effects, it has significant inhibitory effects against NO production on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell model.

Euscaphic acid has anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by interference with the clustering of TRAF6 with IRAK1 and TAK1, resulting in blocking the activation of IKK and MAPKs signal transduction to downregulate NF-κB activations. Euscaphic acid induces death by activation of caspase-3, dependent apoptotic pathway. Euscaphic acid and tormentic acid have inhibitory effect on high fat diet-induced obesity in the rat. Euscaphic acid also has anti-contraction effects on rat’s aortic smooth muscle. Euscaphic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 19 respectively (the 2alpha,3alpha-stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the leaves of Rosa laevigata. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a triol and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It derives from a hydride of an ursane.

1. Kaempferol activates LXR-β and suppresses SREBP-1 to enhance symptoms in metabolic syndrome. 2. Kaempferol exerts a potent inhibitory effect on in vitro bone resorption. 3. Kaempferol has anti-inflammatory action, can prevent and treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis. 4. Kaempferol has therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of thrombovascular diseases, can enhance relaxations caused by endothelium-derived and exogenous NO as well as those due to endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. 5. Kaempferol can inhibit cancer cell invasion through blocking the PKCδ/MAPK/AP-1 cascade and subsequent MMP-9 expression and its activity, may act as a therapeutic potential candidate for cancer metastasis. 6. Kaempferol is an autophagic enhancer, has a more general protection in Parkinson's disease, can mediate antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects is the enhancement of mitochondrial turnover by autophagy. Kaempferol 3-beta-gentiobioside is a kaempferol O-glucoside in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 3 of kaempferol has been replaced by a gentiobiosyl group. It has a role as a Brassica napus metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a disaccharide derivative and a kaempferol O-glucoside. It is functionally related to a gentiobiose.

Brevifolincarboxylic acid shows moderate antibacterial activity against Salmonella enteritidis , Salmonella typhimurium , and Salmonella abony, it (IC50 = 18.0 uM) also shows good antioxidant activity. Brevifolincarboxylic acid shows marked inhibitory effects on aryl hydrocarbon receptor -based bioassay activation by TCDD, and its effect is dose dependent. Brevifolincarboxylic acid is a member of isocoumarins.