Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects, it and other plant sterols often decrease LDL cholesterol levels overall. Campesterol has anti-inflammatory effect, it inhibits several pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators typically involved in osteoarthritis- induced cartilage degradation, also sometimes used to treat some specific prostate conditions. Campesterol is a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C28-steroid, a member of phytosterols and a 3beta-sterol. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a campestane.

Ankaflavin is a member of cyclohexenones.

Soyasaponin I is a triterpenoid saponin that is composed of soyasapogenol B having an alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(12)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid moiety attached at the 3-position via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a sialyltransferase inhibitor. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a triterpenoid saponin, a carbohydrate acid derivative and a trisaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a soyasapogenol B. Soyasaponin Bb can suppress Eca-9706 cell growth, reverse effects on over expression of c-met, VEGF, and induce cell apoptosis through inhibiting HDAC1-NF-kappaB and activating PETEN and caspase-3 signaling pathways.

Soyasaponins(Aa, Ab, Af, Ba, Bb, and Bb') together with their derivatives may represent viable candidates for effective vaccine adjuvants due to their higher and lower or non-haemolytic effects.Soyasaponins Ab and Bb prevent scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice without the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

Soyasapogenol A shows estrogenic and hepatoprotective activities, it directly prevents apoptosis of hepatocytes, and secondly, inhibits the elevation of plasma TNF-α, which consequently resulted in the prevention of liver damage in the concanavalin A-induced hepatitis model. Soyasapogenol A is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 21beta, 22beta and 24-positions. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane.

Soyasapogenol B is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 22beta and 24-positions. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. Soyasapogenol B has anti-cancer, hypocholesterolemic, anticomplementary, hepatoprotective effects, it inhibits proliferation of cultured Hep-G2.

Praeruptorin B has significant important phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGTs) isoforms inhibition activity. Praeruptorin B and praeruptorin A have LC 50 values of 34.5 and121.2 ug/ml, respectively, in Artemia salina test .

Solanesol is a nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a primary alcohol and a nonaprenol. Solanesol can effectively scavenge lipid radicals to block lipid peroxidation, and inhibit effects on tyrosinase; it also can protect ethanol-induced L02 cell damage, which might be attributed to the activation of HO-1 and Hsp70.

Soyasaponin Aa and soyasaponin Ab dose-dependently markedly inhibit adipocyte differentiation and expression of various adipogenic marker genes, through the downregulation of the adipogenesis-related transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Berberine has neuroprotective, antidepressant, antineoplastic, and anti- fibrosis activities; it is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, it may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS; it also may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states.Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 75160. Berberine is a berberine alkaloid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid antibiotic and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It has a role as a geroprotector, an antioxidant, a metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an antilipemic drug, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.

Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 and a carboxy group at position 28 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Olea europaea and Salvia canariensis and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antineoplastic activity. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid.

Pseudoprotodioscin exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, it shows a weaker suppressing effect on the production of inflammatory cytokines, and can suppress melanogenesis in B16F1 cells.

Berberine hydrochloride has anticancer, antifungi, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities, it can significantly attenuate neutrophil infiltration, suppress myeloperoxidase activity, decrease NO, TNF-αand IL-1βproduction, inhibits the phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and the degradation of its inhibitor, IκBα. Berberine chloride (TN) is an organic molecular entity.

Monascin is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is 3a,4,8,9a-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-g][2]benzopyran-2,9(3H)-dione that is substituted at positions 3, 6, and 9a by hexanoyl, (1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl and methyl groups, respectively (the 3S,3aR,9aR diastereoisomer). One of the azaphilonoid pigments in extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mould rice), it is a potent inhibitor of carcinogenesis measured against chemical- or UV-initiated, phorbol-promoted mouse skin tumours.

Fucosterol possesses anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, antihistaminic, anticholinergic and antiviral activities. Fucosterol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity which might attribute to inhibition of NO and ROS generation and suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Fucosterol also has anti-diabetic activity in vivo, it exhibits an inhibition of sorbitol accumulations in the lenses and causes an inhibition of blood glucose level and glycogen degradation. Fucosterol is a dual-LXR agonist that regulates the expression of key genes in cholesterol homeostasis in multiple cell lines without inducing hepatic triglyceride accumulation; it could as an anti-obesity agent, it can inhibit expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, resulting in a decrease of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Fucosterol is a 3beta-sterol consisting of stigmastan-3beta-ol with double bonds at positions 5 and 24(28). It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite and a hepatoprotective agent. It is a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid, a member of phytosterols and a 3beta-sterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane.

Pinostrobin, a potent flavonoid inducer, exerts a neuroprotective effect against Aβ(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, at least in part, via inhibiting oxidative damage and calcium overload, as well as suppressing the mitochondrial pathway of cellular apoptosis. Pinostrobin has anti-inflammatory, anti-hemorrhagic and analgesic activity, it can inhibit HSV-1 replication with 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) of 22.71 ± 1.72 ug/ml. Pinostrobin is a monohydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively. It has a role as an antidote and a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavanone and a monohydroxyflavanone. It is functionally related to a (2S)-flavanone.