Ciwujianoside B can relieve fatigue, enhance memory, and improve human cognition, it may enhance reuse of choline to accelerate the synthesis of acetylcholine in hippocampal neurons by activation of cholinesterase. Ciwujianoside B has inhibitory effects on apoptosis induced by MIRI and cardiomyocytes apoptosis induced by H 2 O 2 in rats; it also shows radioprotective effects on the hematopoietic system in mice, which is associated with changes in the cell cycle, a reduction in DNA damage, and down-regulation of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in bone marrow cells exposed to radiation.

1. Kaempferol activates LXR-β and suppresses SREBP-1 to enhance symptoms in metabolic syndrome. 2. Kaempferol exerts a potent inhibitory effect on in vitro bone resorption. 3. Kaempferol has anti-inflammatory action, can prevent and treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis. 4. Kaempferol has therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of thrombovascular diseases, can enhance relaxations caused by endothelium-derived and exogenous NO as well as those due to endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. 5. Kaempferol can inhibit cancer cell invasion through blocking the PKCδ/MAPK/AP-1 cascade and subsequent MMP-9 expression and its activity, may act as a therapeutic potential candidate for cancer metastasis. 6. Kaempferol is an autophagic enhancer, has a more general protection in Parkinson's disease, can mediate antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects is the enhancement of mitochondrial turnover by autophagy.

The oxygenated sterols( 26-oxygenosterols ganoderol A, ganoderol B, ganoderal A, and ganoderic acid Y) from G. lucidum can inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis via conversion of acetate or mevalonate as a precursor of cholesterol.

1. Kaempferol activates LXR-β and suppresses SREBP-1 to enhance symptoms in metabolic syndrome. 2. Kaempferol exerts a potent inhibitory effect on in vitro bone resorption. 3. Kaempferol has anti-inflammatory action, can prevent and treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis. 4. Kaempferol has therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of thrombovascular diseases, can enhance relaxations caused by endothelium-derived and exogenous NO as well as those due to endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. 5. Kaempferol can inhibit cancer cell invasion through blocking the PKCδ/MAPK/AP-1 cascade and subsequent MMP-9 expression and its activity, may act as a therapeutic potential candidate for cancer metastasis. 6. Kaempferol is an autophagic enhancer, has a more general protection in Parkinson's disease, can mediate antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects is the enhancement of mitochondrial turnover by autophagy.

Sitosterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as an antioxidant, an anticholesteremic drug, a sterol methyltransferase inhibitor, a mouse metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid, a member of phytosterols and a 3beta-sterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane.