Echinacoside is a natural polyphenolic compound, has various kinds of pharmacological activities, such as anti-senescence, anti-hypoxia, anti-cancer, anti-osteoporosis, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, nitric oxide radical-scavenging and vasodilative ones. Echinacoside can improve the hematopoietic function of bone marrow in 5-FU-induced myelosuppression mice, it induces apoptotic cancer cell death by inhibiting the nucleotide pool sanitizing enzyme MTH1. Echinacoside inhibits cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation caused by ensuing rotenone exposure via activating Trk-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in neuronal cells.

Didymin is a citrus-derived natural compound that kills p53 wild-type as well as drug-resistant p53-mutant neuroblastoma cells in culture, it induces apoptosis by inhibiting N-Myc and upregulating RKIP in neuroblastoma. Didymin possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer properties.

Cepharanthine has anti-plasmodial, anti-tumor , anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities in vivo, and it is a highly potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication in a chronically infected monocytic cell line. Cepharanthine inhibits the HIV-1 entry process by reducing plasma membrane fluidity, and the plasma membrane is therefore an identical target to prevent viral infection. Cepharanthine is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. It is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid and a member of isoquinolines.

26-Deoxyactein is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite.

Vincristine-induced nociceptive painful sensation, may be due to its potential of antioxidative, neuroprotective and calcium channel inhibitory action.Vincristine can treat MM, ERK1/2, Akt, and NF-κB inhibitors are potentially useful as anti-MDR agents for the treatment of Vincristine-resistant MM. An inherited polymorphism in the promoter region of CEP72 was associated with increased risk and severity of Vincristine-related peripheral neuropathy. Vincristine is a vinca alkaloid with formula C46H56N4O10 found in the Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus. It is used (commonly as the corresponding sulfate salt)as a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, breast cancer and head and neck cancer. It has a role as a drug, an antineoplastic agent, a tubulin modulator, a microtubule-destabilising agent and a plant metabolite.

10-Deacetyltaxolis a taxane diterpenoid. 10 Deactyltaxol is a paclitaxel derivative isolated from Taxus chinensis. 10 Deactyltaxol can promote the polymerization of microtubules and inhibit microtubule depolymerization induced by cold or calcium ions in vitro. 10 Deathtyltaxol exhibits cytotoxicity towards human glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells.

7-hydroxyisoflavone is the simplest member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is isoflavone with a hydroxy substituent at position 7. It has a role as a metabolite and an EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor. It is a conjugate acid of a 7-hydroxyisoflavone(1-).

Mitraphylline has antiproliferative effects on human glioma and neuroblastoma cell lines. It also has anti-inflammatory activity, it inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation of primary human neutrophils.

Betulinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-carboxy substituents. It is found in the bark and other plant parts of several species of plants including Syzygium claviflorum. It exhibits anti-HIV, antimalarial, antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an antimalarial, an EC 5.99.1. Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.Betulinic acid is a selective inducer of apoptosis in tumor cells, it inhibits activation of NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression induced by carcinogens and inflammatory stimuli.

Curculigoside has potent antioxidant, anti-osteoporotic, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects. Curculigoside can improve cognitive function in aged animals, possibly by decreasing the activity of AchE in the cerebra and inhibiting the expression of BACE1 in the hippocampus. Curculigoside exhibits potent inhibitory activity against matrix metalloproteinase-1 in cultured human skin fibroblasts, and increases the levels of ALP and Runx2 in osteoblasts under oxidative stress via anti-oxidative character.