Camelliaside B is a natural product from Camellia oleifera Abel. Camelliaside b is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

Continentalic acid and kaurenoic acid are quality control markers in Aralia continentalis. Continentalic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities, it shows moderate cytotoxicity against A-549 (lung), THP-1 (leukemia) and MCF-7 (breast) cell lines; it has minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of approximately 8-16 microg/mL against S. aureus, including the MSSA and MRSA standard strains.

Mulberroside C shows weak activity (IC 50 =75.4 μg/ml) against herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1).

Bufalin a major digoxin-like immunoreactive component of the Chinese medicine Chan Su; has been shown to exert a potential for anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines in vitro. Bufalin is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the steroid receptor coactivators steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-3 and SRC-1, it also as a potentially broad-spectrum small-molecule inhibitor for cancer. Bufalin can partly reverse the MDR of K562/VCR cells, with a possible mechanism of down-regulating MRP1 expression and activating apoptosis pathway by altering Bcl-xL/Bax ratio. Bufalin is a 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a cardiotonic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent and an animal metabolite. It is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a 14beta-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to a bufanolide.

Bruceine D is a quassinoid that is 13,20-epoxypicras-3-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 11, 12, 14 and 15 and oxo groups at positions 2 and 16. Isolated from the ethanol extract of the stem of Brucea mollis, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a delta-lactone, a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone, a pentol, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and a quassinoid. It derives from a hydride of a picrasane. Bruceine D has anti-cancer activity, it inhibits the growth of three pancreatic cancer cell lines, i.e., PANC-1, SW1990 and CAPAN-1; induces cytotoxicity in Capan-2 cells via the induction of cellular apoptosis involving the mitochondrial pathway.Bruceine D may have the potential to be used as a natural viricide, or a lead compound for new viricides.

Bruceoside A could be transformed into the potent anticancer component brusatol in vivo, rather than its direct deglycosylated metabolite bruceosin. It significantly inhibited P-388 lymphocytic leukemic cell RNA and protein synthesis in tissue culture.

Eriocalyxin B induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells through caspase- and p53-dependent pathways, should be considered a candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment; it is a specific inhibitor of STAT3, it directly targets STAT3 through a covalent linkage to inhibit the phosphorylation and activation of STAT3 and induces apoptosis of STAT3-dependent tumor cells. Eriocalyxin B exerts potent antiinflammatory effects through selective modulation of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells by targeting critical signaling pathways. Eriocalyxin B reversibly interfer with the binding of p65 and p50 subunits to the DNA in a noncompetitive manner.

Lucialdehydes A-C (1-3) are new lanostante-type triterpene aldehydes, show cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, including Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), T-47D, Sarcoma 180, and Meth-A tumor cell lines.

Echinacoside is a natural polyphenolic compound, has various kinds of pharmacological activities, such as anti-senescence, anti-hypoxia, anti-cancer, anti-osteoporosis, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, nitric oxide radical-scavenging and vasodilative ones. Echinacoside can improve the hematopoietic function of bone marrow in 5-FU-induced myelosuppression mice, it induces apoptotic cancer cell death by inhibiting the nucleotide pool sanitizing enzyme MTH1. Echinacoside inhibits cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation caused by ensuing rotenone exposure via activating Trk-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in neuronal cells.

Ergosterol peroxide is an ergostanoid that is ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol with a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 (the 3beta,5alpha,8alpha,22E stereoisomer). Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps sinensis, it exhibits antimycobacterial, trypanocidal and antineoplastic activities. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, a trypanocidal drug and an antimycobacterial drug. It is an organic peroxide, a member of phytosterols, a 3beta-sterol and an ergostanoid. Ergosterol peroxide is an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation, which has antiviral, trypanocidal, antitumor, and antiangiogenic actions, it can stimulate Foxo3a activity by inhibiting pAKT and c-Myc and activating pro-apoptotic protein Puma and Bax to induce cancer cell death.Ergosterol peroxide can ameliorate TGF-β1-induced activation of kidney fibroblasts, it has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent to prevent renal fibrosis.

Panaxydol has anti-cancer activity, can inhibit the growth and apoptosis of cancer cells, the signaling mechanisms involve a [Ca(2+)](i) increase, JNK and p38 MAPK activation, cAMP, MAP kinase and ROS generation through NADPH oxidase and mitochondria. It induces the differentiation in C6 cells, may through a PI 3-K-dependent pathway. Panaxydol is a natural product found in Panax ginseng. It is an epoxide, an acetylenic compound and an olefinic compound.

Aristolochic acid C is an aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by an hydroxy group at position 6, and by a nitro group at position 10. It has a role as a metabolite, a mutagen, a carcinogenic agent and a nephrotoxin. It is a member of aristolochic acids, a monocarboxylic acid, an aromatic ether, a C-nitro compound, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and a cyclic acetal. Aristolochic acid C could as the larval feeding stimulants.

Methyl protodioscin has anti-thrombosis, antiosteoporotic, anti-myocardial infarction, and cytotoxic activities. Methyl protodioscin shows strong cytotoxicity against most cell lines from solid tumors with GI50 ≤10.0 microM, but moderate cytotoxicity is shown against leukemia cell lines with GI50 10-30 microM. It potentially increase HDL cholesterol while reducing LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, it also can treat diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases.

Magnocurarine is a natural product from Magnolia officinalis.

Highly purified Momordin II inhibits cell-free protein synthesis, releases adenine from rat liver ribosomes and from DNA, and has no RNase activity.

Sagittatoside A selectively activates estrogen response element (ERE)-luciferase activity via ERα, and sagittatoside A and icariin induces ERα phosphorylation at serine 118 residue. Sagittatoside A is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.