Licochalcone A is an estrogenic flavanoid extracted from licorice root, showing antimalarial, antileishmanial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities. It could be a promising strategy in treating osteoporotic weight-bearing bones fractures with defects, and be a useful compound for the development of antibacterial agents for the preservation of foods containing high concentrations of salts and proteases, in which cationic peptides might be less effective.

Praeruptorin B has significant important phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGTs) isoforms inhibition activity. Praeruptorin B and praeruptorin A have LC 50 values of 34.5 and121.2 ug/ml, respectively, in Artemia salina test .

Topotecan hydrochloride, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, capable of inhibiting tumoral growth in animal models of retinoblastoma. Topotecan hydrochloride liposomes loaded CS/β-GP hydrogel could become a potential formulation for improving the antitumor efficacy of Topotecan hydrochloride. Topotecan hydrochloride is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor. It contains a topotecan.

N-Nornuciferine can competitively inhibit CYP2D6 activity with Ki values of 2.34 uM.

Rubitecan is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a prodrug and an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor. It is a delta-lactone, a tertiary alcohol, a C-nitro compound, a pyranoindolizinoquinoline and a semisynthetic derivative. Rubitecan is a novel oral inhibitor of topoisomerase I in the camptothecin class. It shows antitumour activity in patients with refractory pancreatic cancer who have failed prior treatments.

Limonin is a widely used dietary supplement, one of the most prevalent citrus limonoids, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)activity. It induced a down regulation of TLR-2 ,TLR-4,TNF-α, TNF-α/IL-10,NF-κB and caspase. It showed the potent inhibition of CYP3A4, with IC50 values of 6.20 μM (CYP3A4/testosterone) and 19.10 μM (CYP3A4/midazolam). Limonin is a member of furans, a lactone, an epoxide, a limonoid, an organic heterohexacyclic compound and a hexacyclic triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite, a volatile oil component and an inhibitor.

Hesperetin has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, it inhibits vascular formation by endothelial cells via the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT, ERK and p38 MAPK signaling. Hesperetin-mediated apoptosis of MCF-7 cells involves accumulation of ROS and activation of ASK1/JNK pathway, it induces apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells via intrinsic pathway via activation of caspase -9 and -3 and increase in Bax:Bcl-2 ratio.

Linderane is a mechanism-based inactivator of CYP2C9.

Bilirubin IXalpha is a member of the class of biladienes that is a linear tetrapyrrole with the dipyrrole units being of both exovinyl and endovinyl type. A product of heme degradation, it is produced in the reticuloendothelial system by the reduction of biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. It has a role as an antioxidant, a mouse metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a dicarboxylic acid and a member of biladienes. It contains a 24G7 epitope. Bilirubin is a tetrapyrrole and a breakdown product of heme catabolism, it is a prominent endogenous antioxidant cytoprotectant and a natural inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, which has neuroprotective and anti- atherosclerosis-related diseases effects. It can act as an effective agent to reduce mortality and counteract hypotension elicited by endotoxin through mechanisms involving a decreased NOS2 induction secondary to inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase.

Tigloylgomisin H represents a potential liver cancer prevention agent, it can significantly induce quinone reductase (QR) activity in Hepa1c1c7 mouse hepatocarcinoma cells, it functions as a novel monofunctional inducer that specifically upregulates phase II enzymes through the Nrf2-ARE pathway.