Chebulinic acid is a potent natural inhibitor of M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase, also can inhibit SMAD-3 phosphorylation, inhibit H+ K+-ATPase activity; it also is a natural inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor-A mediated angiogenesis. Chebulinic acid has hypotensive, antioxidant, anti-HIV, and anti-ulcer activities. Chebulinic acid has inhibitory effect on erythroid differentiation likely through changing transcriptional activation of differentiation relative genes, it or other tannins might influence the efficiency of some anti-tumor drugs-induced differentiation or the hematopoiesis processes.

Hydrastine is a natural product found in Hydrastis canadensis. It has a role as a metabolite.

Epiberberine, a natural protoberberine alkaloid, is a potent inhibitor against both ureases with IC50 values of 3.0±0.01μM for HPU (ureases from Helicobacter pylori) and 2.3±0.01μM for JBU (ureases from jack bean); it also exhibits predominant cholinesterases (ChEs) inhibitory effects with IC(50) values ranging between 0.44-1.07 microM for AChE and 3.32-6.84 microM for BChE. Epiberberine has anti-adipogenic effect is mediated by downregulation of the Raf/MEK1/ERK1/2 and AMPKα/Akt pathways during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Epiberberine also ha anti-alzheimer and antioxidant activities.

Patchouli alcohol has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial effects, which may be mediated, at least in part, by down-regulation of the mRNA expression of a panel of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2. Patchouli alcohol significantly accelerates the recovery of the UV-induced skin lesions, evidently through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory action, as well as down-regulation of the MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression. Patchouli alcohol is a carbotricyclic compound and sesquiterpenoid tertiary alcohol that is tricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-3-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 2, 6 and 8 by methyl groups (the 1R,3R,6S,7S,8S-diastereoisomer). It is a sesquiterpenoid, a tertiary alcohol and a carbotricyclic compound.

Esculin has neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects, it is a plant coumarin compound that occur naturally in dietary plants or when supplemented in the diet probably inhibit the survival of E. coli O157 in the gut. Esculin has protective effects on dopamine(DA)-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Esculin has a protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice, it can inhibit the Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in LPS-induced ALI. Esculin is a hydroxycoumarin that is the 6-O-beta-D-glucoside of esculetin. It has a role as an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside and a hydroxycoumarin. It is functionally related to an esculetin.

Phellodendrine chloride has anti-nephritic activity, may be due to its ability to inhibit the proliferation or the migration of macrophages and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the glomeruli.

Palmatine shows significant antidepressant-like, anti-hyperlipidemia, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant effects, it inhibited MAO-A, I(K) and I(CRAC) activity, and activated the AhR-CYP1A pathway. Palmatine shows the strong toxic action on T. thermophila BF5 growth, it is toxic to insects and vertebrates and inhibited the multiplication of bacteria, fungi and viruses, it is active at the alpha 2-receptor ( IC50 of 956 nM).

Corynoxidine exhibits antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. It inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 value of 89.0 microM.

Jatrorrhizine has neuroprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antihypercholesterolemic, and anti-hyperglycemia effects.Jatrorrhizine is expected to be developed as a new gastric prokinetic drug, it is metabolized by human CYP1A2 and multiple UGT1A isoforms. It has inhibitory activities against the expression of inducible NO syntase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and can improve the utilization and excretion of cholesterol by up-regulating the mRNA and protein expression of LDLR and CYP7A1.