Anisodine is a traditional anticholinergics, it and anisodamine possess alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking properties, they are widely used in the People's Republic of China for the management of acute circulatory shock . Anisodine can protect optic nerve of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) through improving the visual function and blood supply of optic nerve. The combination of Anisodine and citicoline with standard steroid and mannitol therapy appears to be effective in the treatment of early optic nerve contusion.

Tetrahydroswertianolin is a xanthone glycoside that is the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivaive of swertianolin (the S,4R-stereoisomer). It is isolated from Swertia japonica and shows hepatoprotective properties. It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, an aromatic ether, a monosaccharide derivative and a xanthone glycoside. It is functionally related to a swertianolin.

Sterebin E may have anti-inflammatory activity.

L-Cysteine inhibits insulin release via multiple actions on the insulin secretory process through H(2)S production. L-Cysteine administration limits ischemia-reperfusion injury through a mechanism that appears to be at least partially dependent on H2S synthesis. L-cysteine hydrochloride hydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate form of L-cysteine hydrochloride. It has a role as a flour treatment agent, an EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor and a human metabolite. It contains a L-cysteine hydrochloride.

Cichoriin is a member of coumarins and a glycoside.

L-aspartic acid is the L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. It has a role as a neurotransmitter, a mouse metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a L-alpha-amino acid, an aspartate family amino acid, an aspartic acid and a proteinogenic amino acid. It is a conjugate acid of a L-aspartate(1-). It is an enantiomer of a D-aspartic acid. L-Aspartic acid induces a region of negative slope conductance in the current-voltage relationship of cultured spinal cord neurons. It could as the amino donor.