1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose is a galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions. It has a role as a geroprotector, an antineoplastic agent, a radical scavenger, a hepatoprotective agent, a radiation protective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a galloyl beta-D-glucose and a gallate ester. It is a conjugate acid of a 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose(1-).

(-)-gallocatechin gallate is a gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of ()-gallocatechin. A natural product found in found in green tea. It has a role as an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite and a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a catechin, a polyphenol and a gallate ester. It is functionally related to a gallic acid and a (-)-gallocatechin. Gallocatechin gallate has strong antioxidative, and anti-obesity activities, it inhibits 3T3-L1 differentiation and lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation through MAPK and NF-κB signaling; it also may have anti-diabetic effects by increasing sensitivity of insulin. Gallocatechin gallate can decrease osteoclastogenesis at 20 microM, it has positive effects on bone metabolism through a double process of promoting osteoblastic activity and inhibiting osteoclast differentiations.

Salviaflaside has antioxidant activity.

Crocin is a water-soluble carotenoid pigment of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), it has been used as a spice for flavoring and coloring food preparations. Crocin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-asthma, anti-cancer, and hypolipidemic effects. Crocin improves toxic effects of diazinon via reducing lipid peroxidation and restoring altered contractile and relaxant responses in rat aorta; it also protects retinal photoreceptors against light-induced cell death. Crocin can also promote ovarian cancer HO-8910 cell apoptosis, most likely by increasing p53 and Fas/APO-1 expression, and then activating the apoptotic pathway regulated by Caspase-3. Bis(beta-D-glucosyl) crocetin is a diester resulting from the formal condensation of each of the carboxylic acid groups of crocetin with an anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-glucopyranose. It is a beta-D-glucoside and a diester. It is functionally related to a beta-D-glucose and a crocetin.

Delta-tocopherol is a tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by a methyl group at position 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food antioxidant. It is a tocopherol and a vitamin E.

Tsugaric acid A can significantly inhibit superoxide anion formation in fMLP/CB-stimulated rat neutrophils, it is also able to protect human keratinocytes against damage induced by ultraviolet B (UV B) light, indicates that tsugaric acid A can protect keratinocytes from photodamage.

Rhamnocitrin can enhance the immune function, improve the formation of spleen cells of mice serum hemolysin of chicken red blood cell immune. Rhamnocitrin possesses significant anticataract activity and acts most likely due to its antioxidant property, it shows a significant protection against cloudiness in lenses induced by hydrogen peroxide and hydrocortisone in a dose dependent manner.Rhamnocitrin and kaempferol can augment cellular antioxidant defense capacity, at least in part, through regulation of HO-1 expression and MAPK signal transduction; they not only protect low-density lipoprotein from oxidation but also prevent atherogenesis through suppressing macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein.

Eleutherin is a member of p-quinones and a benzoisochromanequinone.

5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavonol-3-O-rutinoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is 3,5,6,7,4'-pentahydroxyflavonol substituted by a rutinosyl group at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Daphniphyllum calycinum, it exhibits antioxidant activity. It has a role as a metabolite and a radical scavenger. It is a rutinoside, a tetrahydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative. 6-Hydroxykaempferol is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase compared to L-DOPA, it shows also high antioxidant activities.

L-asparagine is an optically active form of asparagine having L-configuration. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a L-alpha-amino acid, an asparagine, an aspartate family amino acid and a proteinogenic amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-asparaginium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-asparaginate. It is an enantiomer of a D-asparagine. L-asparaginase is effective in suppressing cellular immunity and inducing remission in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, mainly a non-B-cell disease.The enhancing action of L-asparagine upon insulin release evoked by L-leucine is attributable to an increased generation rate of cytosolic NADPH rather than any increase in nutrients oxidation.

Ostruthin is a terpene lactone. It has a role as a metabolite.

Rutaevin shows the inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages, it may be as a valuable anti-inflammatory agent.

(-)-Epigallocatechin exhibits antiplatelet,anticoagulation,anti-tumor,anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory functions. Epigallocatechin activates haem oxygenase-1 expression via protein kinase Cdelta and Nrf2. Cu(2+) with (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) facilitated DNA cleavage, while Ag+ with EGC showed a strong repressive effect. (-)-epigallocatechin is a flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a catechin and a flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-epigallocatechin.