8-O-Acetylharpagide is a glycoside and an iridoid monoterpenoid.

Lacto-N-triaose is an oligosaccharide.

Hydroxytyrosol is a member of the class of catechols that is benzene-1,2-diol substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. Isolated from Olea europaea, it exhibits antioxidant and antineoplastic activities. It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a primary alcohol and a member of catechols. It is functionally related to a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol.

Indole-3-acetic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group. It has a role as an auxin, a plant hormone, a mouse metabolite, a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a member of indole-3-acetic acids and a monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an indole-3-acetate. Indole-3-acetic acid , a well-known phytohormone, can also be a signaling molecule in bacteria and therefore can have a direct effect on bacterial physiology.

Ankaflavin is a member of cyclohexenones.

Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside with a wide range of biological activities, including pancreas-protective, chondroprotective, antispasmodic, liver-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-algesic as well as anti-tumor activities. Aucubin prevents neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats with diabetic encephalopathy, it also has protective effects on H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Aucubin may improve obesity-induced atherosclerosis by attenuating TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses. Aucubin suppresses hepatitis B viral DNA replication in vitro. Aucubin is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite.

Arbutin is a monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a hydroquinone. Arbutin is a tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.09 mM, which has gastroprotective, whitening, anti- age, anti-oxidant , anti-inflammatory, a depigmenting effects and UVB/ UVC filter. Arbutin has mutagenicity in mammalian cells after activation by human intestinal bacteria. Arbutin (β - Arbutin) is a widely present natural polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. Arbutin is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase in melanocytes, with a Kiapp value of 1.42 mM for monophenolase and 0.9 mM for diphenolase. Arbutin is also used as a decolorizer.

1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-3-heptanone is a ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 7. Isolated from in Alpinia oxyphylla, it exhibits antineoplastic and inhibitory activities against COX-1, COX-2 and NO synthase. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor and an EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor.

Silydianin, an active constituent of Silybium marianum, has inhibitory effect on on the in vitro production and release of oxidative products. Silydianin has possible antiinflammatory activity, which regulates caspase-3 activation, affects cell membranes and acts as a free radical scavenger.

Ursonic acid is a triterpenoid. Ursonic acid, a naturally occurring triterpenoid, induces the apoptosis of human cancer cells through multiple signaling pathways. Ursonic acid has antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus types I and II in vitro; it also could be used in preparation of depression treatment medicine.

Beta-eudesmol is a carbobicyclic compound that is trans-decalin substituted at positions 2, 4a, and 8 by 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl, methyl and methylidene groups, respectively (the 2R,4aR,8aS-diastereoisomer). It has a role as a volatile oil component. It is a tertiary alcohol, a carbobicyclic compound and a eudesmane sesquiterpenoid.

Dauricine may has neuroprotective, and anti-tumor effects, it can pass the blood‑brain barrier, and that P‑glycoprotein has an important role in the transportation of Dauricine across the blood‑brain barrier, it can inhibit tumor cells in urinary system and colon cancer cell proliferation, invasion; induce cell apoptosis by suppressing NF-kappaB activity and the expression profile of its downstream genes. Dauricine also has pulmonary toxicity, can produce pulmonary injury in CD-1 mice by the metabolism of Dauricine mediated by CYP3A. Dauricine is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid resulting from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 4-{[(1R)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl]methyl}phenol by attachment of the phenolic oxygen of one molecule to the benzene ring of the second (ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group of the latter). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, a member of isoquinolines, a member of phenols, an aromatic ether and a tertiary amino compound.

Acteoside is a glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(13)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antileishmanial agent and a plant metabolite. It is a glycoside, a polyphenol, a member of catechols, a cinnamate ester and a disaccharide derivative. Acteoside is a lipase inhibitor, has neuroprotective, anti-obesity,anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cytotoxic,antihypertensive, analgesic, and antimetastatic activities. Acteoside can promote nerve growth factor and tropomycin receptor kinase A expression, inhibit arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin E2 production induced by 0.5 microM melittin. Acteoside can protect the cells from X‑ray induced damage through enhancing the scavenging activity of ROS, decreasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and downregulating the activity of procaspase-3, as well as modulating the mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathways.

Amygdalin is an amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a (R)-mandelonitrile. Amygdalin has antifibrotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, amygdalin joint HSYA could inhibit the degeneration of the endplate chondrocytes derived from intervertebral discs of rats induced by IL-1beta and better than the single use of Amygdalin or HSYA. Amygdalin induces apoptotic cell death in human DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells by caspase-3 activation through down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax. Amygdalin is a plant glucoside isolated from the nucleus of rose fruits, such as apricots, peaches, almonds, cherries, and plums.

Monascin is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is 3a,4,8,9a-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-g][2]benzopyran-2,9(3H)-dione that is substituted at positions 3, 6, and 9a by hexanoyl, (1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl and methyl groups, respectively (the 3S,3aR,9aR diastereoisomer). One of the azaphilonoid pigments in extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mould rice), it is a potent inhibitor of carcinogenesis measured against chemical- or UV-initiated, phorbol-promoted mouse skin tumours.

Leonuride is a glycoside and an iridoid monoterpenoid.

Eugenol is a phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis. It has a role as a sensitiser, a volatile oil component, an antibacterial agent, an analgesic, an antineoplastic agent, a flavouring agent, an EC 1.4.3. Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with herbicide,sedative,analgesic,antibacterial,anthelmintic,anti-inflammatory, cancer chemopreventive and antioxidant activities. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation, the mRNA expression of COX-2, but not COX-1 and inhibit the GABAA current in trigeminal ganglion neurons. It could be developed as therapeutic agent against diseases with excessive osteoclast activity.