Acacetin is a monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin. It has a role as an anticonvulsant and a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a 5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate. Acacetin is an atrium-selective agent that prolongs the atrial effective refractory period without prolonging the corrected QT interval and effectively prevents atrial fibrillation (AF) in anesthetized dogs after intraduodenal administration. Acacetin has anti-cancer, anti-mutagenic, spasmolytic and antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-peroxidative effects. Acacetin is an orally effective flavonoid derived from Dendranthema morifolium. Acacetin stops in the ATP binding pocket of PI3K γ. Acacetin causes cancer cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis and autophagy. Acacia extract has effective anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities, and has the potential for research on pain related diseases.

Bicuculline is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species. (+)-Bicuculline is a competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors with IC50 of 2 μM, also blocks Ca(2+)-activated potassium channels.It is effective in vitro against spore germination of some plant pathogenic fungi, it can significantly inhibit spore germination of all the fungi at concentrations of 100-1000 ppm.

Kawain is an aromatic ether and a member of 2-pyranones.

6-O-feruloylcatalpol is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It has a role as a metabolite.

Hastatoside is an iridoid monoterpenoid with formula C17H24O11 that is isolated from several plants including Verbena officinalis and exhibits a sleep-promoting effect. It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a methyl ester, a cyclopentapyran, an iridoid monoterpenoid, an alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester, a monosaccharide derivative and a monoterpene glycoside. Hastatoside and verbenalin are major sleep-promoting components of V. officinalis. Hastatoside has anti-inflammatory activity.

alpha-thujone is the (1S,4R,5R)-stereoisomer of alpha-thujone. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-alpha-thujone.

asarone is the trans-isomer of asarone. It has a role as an anticonvulsant and a GABA modulator.

Hispidulin has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antiepileptic, neuroprotective, anti-osteoporotic and bone resorption attenuating effects, it targets the VEGF receptor 2-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in endothelial cells, leading to the suppression of pancreatic tumor growth and angiogenesis. Hispidulin can ameliorate high glucose-mediated endothelial dysfunction via inhibiting PKCβII-associated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB signaling, it has potential application in the prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular complications. Hispidulin can inhibit platelet aggregation by elevating cAMP levels by a mechanism different from that of theophylline or PGE1. Hispidulin is a monomethoxyflavone that is scutellarein methylated at position 6. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, an anticonvulsant, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a scutellarein.