Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Patchouli alcohol has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial effects, which may be mediated, at least in part, by down-regulation of the mRNA expression of a panel of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2. Patchouli alcohol significantly accelerates the recovery of the UV-induced skin lesions, evidently through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory action, as well as down-regulation of the MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression. Patchouli alcohol is a carbotricyclic compound and sesquiterpenoid tertiary alcohol that is tricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-3-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 2, 6 and 8 by methyl groups (the 1R,3R,6S,7S,8S-diastereoisomer). It is a sesquiterpenoid, a tertiary alcohol and a carbotricyclic compound.

Ginkgotoxin is a member of pyridines.

Sophoricoside has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bone loss, and immunosuppressive effects. Sophoricoside is an effective regulator of lipogenesis and glucose consumption and may find utility in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Sophoricoside exposure reduced the number of implanted embryos in a dose-dependent manner and failed the embryo implantation through altering the morphology of uterine and compromising the endometrial receptivity. Sophoricoside is an acrovestone and an isoflavonoid.

Secoxyloganin is a secoiridoid glycoside that is [(2R,3R,4S)-2-hydroxy-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-3-vinyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]acetic acid in which the anometric hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It has been isolated from several plant species and exhibits antioxidant and anti-allergic properties. It has a role as an antioxidant, an anti-allergic agent and a plant metabolite. Secoxyloganin possesses hepato- protective, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities, it has the perfect protective effect on PRRSV infected cell and with the minimum protection concentration of 6. 25 Âμg/mL.

Taraxasterol acetate is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite.

Ginsenoside Rh3 is a bacterial metabolite of Ginsenoside Rg5, Rh3 has anti-inflammatory effect in microglia by modulating AMPK and its downstream signaling pathways, it may improve chronic dermatitis or psoriasis by the regulation of IL-1β and TNF-α produced by macrophage cells and of IFN-γ produced by Th cells. Rg5 and Rh3 inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 18.4 and 10.2 uM, respectively, they may protect memory deficit by inhibiting AChE activity and increasing BDNF expression and CREB activation.

Ginkgetin is a biflavonoid that is the 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, an anti-HSV-1 agent and an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxyflavone, a methoxyflavone, a ring assembly and a biflavonoid. Ginkgetin is a good STAT3 inhibitor , which has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-influenza virus and anti-fungal activities. Ginkgetin induces apoptosis in PC-3 cells via activation of caspase 3 and inhibition of survival genes as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for prostate cancer treatment.

N-(4-Aminobutyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide is a hydroxycinnamic acid.