Periplogenin plays protective roles against thyrotoxicosis and associated cardiovascular problems, are mediated through its direct antithyroidal and/or LPO inhibiting properties. Periplogenin induces necroptotic cell death through oxidative stress in HaCaT cells and ameliorates skin lesions in the TPA- and IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse models.

Brazilin exhibits cancer preventive, anti-hepatotoxicity, antiplatelet activity, and anti-inflammatory activities, it also inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1/3 expressions and secretions by suppressing of NF-κB activation in human dermal fibroblasts, thus, it might be used as a potential agent for treatment of UV-induced skin photoaging. Brazilin has anti-IKK activity, can selectively disrupt proximal IL-1 receptor signaling complex formation by targeting an IKK-upstream signaling components. Brazilin induces vasorelaxation by the increasing intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in endothelial cells of blood vessels and hence activating Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent NO synthesis. Brazilin is a tertiary alcohol, a member of catechols and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. It has a role as an antioxidant, a biological pigment, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, a plant metabolite and a histological dye.

Senkyunolide A is a useful standard compound for the quality evaluation and chemical differentiation between Rhizoma chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis, and suitable for the analysis of a large number of samples. Senkyunolide A has the vasorelaxation activity in contractions to various contractile agents in rat isolated aorta.

Neochlorogenic acid methyl ester shows anti-HBV, antioxidant and quinone reductase-inducing activities.

Maackiain is an antimicrobial compound (phytoalexins), it has anticancer effects, it induces apoptosis and growth suppression. Maackiain also shows strong larvicidal activity (LC50 = 21.95 ± 1.34 ug/mL). (-)-maackiain is the ()-enantiomer of maackiain. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-maackiain.

4-O-E-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester is a quinic acid. It is functionally related to a 4-O-trans-caffeoylquinic acid.

Caftaric acid is an inhibitor of the protein-protein interactions mediated by the Src-family kinases, which has anti-mutagenicity. Caftaric acid is the major dietary polyphenol present in various foods, it before methamphetamine injections can prevent liver toxicity and oxidative stress.

Alpha-curcumene is a sesquiterpene that is 2-methyl-2-heptene in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is substituted by a p-tolyl group.

Tabersonine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with cytotoxic activity. It has a role as a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a methyl ester, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid ester and a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a tabersoninium(1+). Tabersonine is a precursor for vincristine used in cancer chemotherapy, the biocompatibility and small size essential for permeating the blood-brain barrier make it a potential therapeutic drug candidate for treating AD.

Cimifugin evidently inhibits FITC-induced type 2 allergic contact dermatitis,and its mechanism might related to regulating the balance of Th1 /Th2 by inhibiting type 2 cytokines. Cimifugin displayed low to moderate inhibition towards AChE and BChE (3.12 and 21.63%, respectively) at 200 ug/mL.

6-Methoxydihydrosanguinarine may have anti-inflammatory effects via the inhibition of NO and IL-6 expression through the down-regulation of MAP kinase (ERK1/2, p38) phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells. It has antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from1.9 to 3.9 microg/ml. 6-Methoxydihydrosanguinarine shows a dose-dependent effect at 1-10 microM on causing apoptotic cell death in HT29 colon carcinoma cells (IC50 = 5.0+/-0.2 microM). It also shows strong nematocidal activities, however, it is highly cytotoxic; thus, the prospect of its direct application is low.