Gomisin D is a natural product from Schizandra chinensis.

Hypocrellin A, an a natural perylene quinine photosensitizers (PSs), can chelate with heavy metal ions, including Au(III) and Pt(IV), to form a 1:2 complex. Hypocrellin A has light-induced antitumor,antifungal and antiviral activities, it also exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted presentation of antigen.

Isobavachin can stimulate osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation; it also can facilitate mouse embryonic stem cells differentiating into neuronal cells, the mechanism involved protein prenylation and, subsequently, phos-ERK activation and the phos-p38 off pathway. Isobavachin possesses estrogen-like activity in MCF-7/BOS cells, it can significantly stimulate the proliferation of MCF-7/BOS cells in a dose-dependent manner. Isobavachin has cytotoxic effects on H4IIE hepatoma and metabolically poorly active C6 glioma cells.

Ginsenoside Rg6 can inhibit JK cell proliferation in human lymphocytoma and induce its apoptosis, the mechanism may through mitochondrial dysfunction and an increase of Bax expression and decrease of Bcl-2 expression.

Mulberroside A, the major active anti-tyrosinase compound in the root bark extract of Morus alba L. (Moraceae), is widely employed as an active ingredient in whitening cosmetics. Mulberroside A has neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, uricosuric, nephroprotective, hypoglycemic, and antidiabetic effects.It also can protect mice against ethanol-induced hepatic damage. Cis-Mulberroside A is a glycoside and a stilbenoid.

Theaflavin-3-gallate has anticancer and apoptotic effects in non-small cell lung carcinoma, it acts as prooxidants and induce oxidative stress, with carcinoma cells more sensitive than normal fibroblasts. Theaflavin-3-gallate can play a role in decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption via inhibition of micelle formation.

(20E)-Ginsenoside F4 is a triterpenoid saponin.

Cucurbitacin B is a cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23; a hydroxy function at C-25 is acetylated. It is a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone, a cucurbitacin and a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Cucurbitacin B, an effective HIF-1 inhibitor, has antitumor activity, it inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis via STAT3 pathway inhibition in A549 lung cancer cells. It inhibited AKT signaling activation through up-regulation of PTEN.

Hederasaponin B has antiviral activity, via inhibiting the viral VP2 protein expression and blocking viral capsid protein synthesis. It also has antitumor activity, and it inhibits the superoxide generation induced by arachidonic acid (AA).

Sophoraflavanone G is a tetrahydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin bearing an additional hydroxyl substituent at position 2' as well as a (2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl (lavandulyl) substituent at position 8'. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antimicrobial agent, an antimalarial and a plant metabolite. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, a (2S)-flavan-4-one and a tetrahydroxyflavanone. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Kushenol F is a tyrosinase inhibitor, it shows significant inhibitory effects on monoamine oxidase ( in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 69.9 microM). Kushenol F preferentially inhibits the MAO-B activity than MAO-A activity with the IC50 values of 63.1 and 103.7 microM, respectively.

Isoastragaloside II is a cucurbitacin and a glycoside.

Embelin is a member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an antineoplastic agent, a hepatitis C protease inhibitor and a plant metabolite. Embelin is an inhibitor of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) with IC50 of 4.1 μM in a cell-free assay.Embelin has antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Embelin can enhance TRAIL-induced cell apoptosis through DR4 and DR5 upregulation and decrease IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, that combination of low-toxicity Embelin and TRAIL may become as a potential antileukemia strategy.

Diosmetin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

Bufotalin is a steroid lactone. It is functionally related to a bufanolide.

Cinobufotalin is a main cardiac toxin in toad, it is a novel anti-HCC agent, it induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in cultured HCC cells through ceramide production. Cinobufotalin is also an effective reversal agent for the multidrug resistance of tumors, it can reverse the adriamycin-resistance in Raji/ADR cells and the expression of P-gp and MRP-1 proteins. Cinobufotalin can promote the dendritic cells(DCs) derived from peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B to mature and effectively enhance its(the DCs') capabilities, therefore the treatment of cinobufotalin may potentiate the antiviral immunity of the patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).

Tubuloside A has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities. Tubuloside A shows stronger free radical scavenging activities than alpha-tocopherol on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XOD) generated superoxide anion radical (O2-.).

Lucidin and its derivatives are genotoxic, it is mutagenic at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene locus.